RHIC Run Overview

RUN OVERVIEW OF THE
RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLIDER

[RHIC Collider Projections, latest version] [RHIC summary table] [RHIC summary plot]
[RHIC integrated luminosity plots L_NN (heavy ions)] [RHIC integrated luminosity plot L (polarized protons)] [RHIC luminosities in Beam Energy Scans I and II]
[RHIC store-to-store and time-in-store plots] [Hadron colliders peak luminosity plot]
[AtR Test (FY1995)] [Sextant Test (FY1997)] [Run-0 (FY1999)]
[Run-1 (FY2000) ] [Run-2 (FY2001/02)] [Run-3 (FY2003) ] [Run-4 (FY2004) ] [Run-5 (FY2005) ]
[Run-6 (FY2006) ] [Run-7 (FY2007) ] [Run-8 (FY2008) ] [Run-9 (FY2009) ] [Run-10 (FY2010)]
[Run-11 (FY2011)] [Run-12 (FY2012) ] [Run-13 (FY2013)] [Run-14 (FY2014)] [Run-15 (FY2015)]
[Run-16 (FY2016)] [Run-17 (FY2017) ] [Run-18 (FY2018)] [Run-19 (FY2019)] [Run-20 (FY2020)]
[Run-21 (FY2021)] [Run-22 (FY2022) ] [Run-23 (FY2023) ] [Run-24 (FY2024) ]
Fiscal years start on 1 October.	Data assembled by Wolfram Fischer. Last update: 29 October 2024.

RHIC operating modes and total integrated luminosity delivered to 8 experiments (STAR, PHENIX, PHOBOS, BRAHMS, pp2pp, AnDY, RHICf, sPHENIX)
Run	species	total particle energy [GeV/nucleon]	calendar time in physics	total delivered luminosity	average store polarization, (H-jet)^*
Run-1 CY2000, FY2000 33.6 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	27.9	3 shifts	< 0.001μb^-1	—
Run-1 CY2000, FY2000 33.6 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	65.2	5.3 weeks	20 μb^-1	—
Run-2 CY2001/02, FY2001/02 40.7 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	15.9 weeks	258 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	9.8	2 shifts	0.4 μb^-1	—
	polarized p + p	100.2	8.3 weeks total, no continous physics operation	1.4 pb^-1	14%
Run-3 CY2002/03, FY2003 30.4 cryo-weeks	d + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.7 + 100.0	10.2 weeks	73 nb^-1	—
Run-3 CY2002/03, FY2003 30.4 cryo-weeks	polarized p + p	100.2	9.0 weeks total, no continous physics operation	5.5 pb^-1	34%
Run-4 CY2003/04, FY2004 26.7 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	12.0 weeks	3.53 nb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	31.2	9 days	67 μb^-1	—
	polarized p + p	100.2	6.1 weeks total, no continous physics operation	7.1 pb^-1	46%
Run-5 CY2004/05, FY2005 31.4 cryo-weeks	⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ + ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺	100.0	7.8 weeks	42.1 nb^-1	—
	⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ + ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺	31.2	12 days	1.5 nb^-1	—
	⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ + ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺	11.2	5 shifts	0.02 nb^-1	—
	polarized p + p	100.2	9.4 weeks	29.5 pb^-1	47%
	polarized p + p	204.9	2 stores	0.1 pb^-1	30%
Run-6 CY2006, FY2006 21.2 cryo-weeks	polarized p + p	100.2	13.1 weeks	88.6 pb^-1	55%
Run-6 CY2006, FY2006 21.2 cryo-weeks	polarized p + p	31.2	12 days	1.05 pb^-1	50%
Run-7 CY2006/07, FY2006 18.4 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	12.8 weeks	7.25 nb^-1	—
Run-7 CY2006/07, FY2006 18.4 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	4.6	3 shifts total, no continous physics operation	small	—
Run-8 CY2007/08, FY2008 19.0 cryo-weeks	d + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.7 + 100.0	9.0 weeks	437 nb^-1	—
	polarized p + p	100.2	3.4 weeks	38.4 pb^-1	44%
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	4.6	3 shifts	small	—
Run-9 CY2008/09, FY2009 22.0 cryo-weeks	polarized p + p	249.9	4.1 weeks	110 pb^-1	34%
	polarized p + p	100.2	9.9 weeks	114 pb^-1	56%
	polarized pp2pp	100.2	3.5 days	0.6 nb^-1	63%
Run-10 CY2009/10, FY2010 27.1 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	10.9 weeks	10.3 nb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	31.2	2.9 weeks	544 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	19.5	1.8 weeks	206 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	3.85	4.6 weeks	8.5 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	5.75	1.4 weeks	7.8 μb^-1	—
Run-11 CY2010/11, FY2011 24.4 cryo-weeks	polarized p + p	249.9	9.7 weeks	166 pb^-1	48%
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	9.8	1.4 weeks	33.2 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	6.4 weeks	9.79 nb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	13.5	8 days	63.1 μb^-1	—
Run-12 CY2011/12, FY2012 22.9 cryo-weeks	polarized p + p	100.2	4.4 weeks	74.0 pb^-1	59%
	polarized p + p	254.9	4.9 weeks	283 pb^-1	52%
	²³⁸U⁹²⁺ + ²³⁸U⁹²⁺	96.4	3.1 weeks	736 μb^-1	—
	⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	99.9 + 100.0	5.4 weeks	27.0 nb^-1	—
Run-13 CY2012/13, FY2013 17.0 cryo-weeks	polarized p + p	254.9	13.3 weeks	1.04 fb^-1	53%
Run-14 CY2013/14, FY2014 22.0 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	7.3	3.4 weeks	44.2 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	13.3 weeks	43.9 nb^-1	—
	h + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	103.5 + 100.0	2.4 weeks	134 nb^-1	—
Run-15 CY2014/15, FY2015 22.4 cryo-weeks	polarized p + p	100.2	10.9 weeks	382 pb^-1	55%
	polarized p + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	103.9 + 98.6	5.1 weeks	1.27 pb^-1	60%
	polarized p + ²⁷Al¹³⁺	103.9 + 98.7	1.9 weeks	3.87 pb^-1	54%
Run-16 CY2015/16, FY2016 23.3 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	14.4 weeks	52.2 nb^-1	—
	d + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.7 + 100.0	8 days	289 nb^-1	—
	d + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	31.3 + 31.1	6 days	44.0 nb^-1	—
	d + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	9.9 + 9.8	11 days	7.20 nb^-1	—
	d + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	19.6 + 19.4	7 days	19.5 nb^-1	—
Run-17 CY2016/17, FY2017 21.0 cryo-weeks	polarized p + p	254.9	13.6 weeks	544 pb^-1	55%
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	27.2	2.5 weeks	477 μb^-1	—
	polarized p + p (RHICf)	254.9	2.75 days	1.36 pb^-1	61% (Yellow)
Run-18 CY2017/18, FY2018 28.0 cryo-weeks	⁹⁶Zr⁴⁰⁺ + ⁹⁶Zr⁴⁰⁺	100.0	28.5 days	3.9 nb^-1	—
	⁹⁶Ru⁴⁴⁺ + ⁹⁶Ru⁴⁴⁺	100.0	28.5 days	4.00 nb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	13.5	24.0 days	282 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	3.85	4.6 days	63 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	26.5	7.7 days	33 μb^-1	—
Run-19 CY2018/19, FY2019 28.0 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	9.8	36 days	151 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	7.3	60 days	132 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	7.3	11 hours	11 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	3.85	24 days	3.6 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	3.85	2 hours	1.1 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	4.59	2 days	42 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	4.59	6 days	7.0 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	31.2	13 hours	11 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	1.5 days	80 μb^-1	—
Run-20 CY2019/20, FY2020 28.0 cryo-weeks +12.4 weeks with cold machine but no operation due to COVID-19	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	5.75	62 days	143 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	4.59	117 days	176 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	31.2	1.1 days	23 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	19.5	1.4 days	23 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	13.5	1.0 days	25 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	9.8	0.9 days	21 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	7.3	1.1 days	24 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	5.75	0.9 days	24 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	26.5	1.9 days	65 μb^-1	—
Run-21 CY2021, FY2021 24.0 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	3.85	12.1 weeks	152 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	3.85	22 days	431 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	44.5	1 day	10 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	70	1 day	10 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	100	1 day	11 μb^-1	—
	¹⁶O⁸⁺ + ¹⁶O⁸⁺	100	14 days	32 nb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	8.65	11 days	83 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au	26.5	1 day	18 μb^-1	—
	d + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.7 + 100.0	4 days	1.25 nb^-1	—
Run-22 CY2021/22, FY2022 20.0 cryo-weeks	polarized p + p	254.2	16.9 weeks	807 pb^-1	50%
Run-23 CY2023, FY2023 5.0+13.0 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	10.6 weeks	5.7 nb^-1	—
Run-24 CY2024, FY2024/25 27.0 cryo-weeks	polarized p + p	100.2	21.9 weeks
Run-24 CY2024, FY2024/25 27.0 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	2.6 weeks		—
Run-25 CY2025, FY2025 20.0 cyo-weeks planned	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ + ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	— in preparation —		—

Note: The nucleon-pair luminosity is defined as L_NN = A₁A₂L, where L is the luminosity, and A₁ and A₂ are the number of nucleons of the ions in the two beams respectively. The proton polarization is intensity and time averaged over the whole run, as measured by the H-jet.

Note: All collions are with Au beams. The highest beam energy in the Beam Energy Scan is the nominal injection energy. At the two lowest energies operational Low Energy RHIC electron Cooling (LEReC) was used.

Note 1: Setup time to physics for the first species in the Run is measured from the time both rings are cold to the first physics store. For the following species it is measured from the beginning of setup to the first physics store.
Note 2: The store-to-store time is measured from lumi-off to lumi-on. Store-to-store times larger than 10 h are disregarded since they indicate failures.
Note 3: The time in store is measured from the lumi-on to the the lumi-off events. The lumi-on event comes after rebucketing but before collision steering and before collimation. Calendar time, including scheduled maintenance and accelerator physics experiments, is used to calculate the fractional time in store. The experiments use the time in store to a varying degree.

Note: For ion collisions the nucleon-pair luminosity is shown. The nucleon-pair luminosity is defined as L_NN = A₁A₂L, where L is the luminosity, and A₁ and A₂ are the number of nucleons of the ions in the two beam respectively. The highest energies for the machines are: ISR 31 GeV, SPS 315 GeV, Tevatron 980 GeV, HERA 920 GeV (p) 27.5 GeV (e), RHIC 255 GeV, LHC 4.0 TeV. A reduction in the peak lumiosity from one year to the next (e.g. RHIC in 2015 and 2018, LHC in 2016 and 2017) can be the result of running at a lower energy or different species combination.

RHIC Runs

Run-24 CY2024 FY2024
	Mode 2A:
	Summary paper:
	Beam operation: 09/30/2024 - 10/21/2024 [21 days, 18 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Kiel Hock
	Major accomplishments and events: setup delayed by several days due to replacement of Yellow abort kicker cable from PS to tunnel and AGS extraction element (G9 orbit bump PS) failure - use H11 PS for both G9 and H11 at reduced bump amplitude; 3 days from first beam to physics
	Achieved beam parameters (L without crossing angle):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	111			?.? → ?.?	???×10²⁶	???×10²⁶


	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-16]
	sPHENIX				0 - 2 mrad full crossing angle
	STAR				0 mrad full crossing angle
	Time in store: ??% of calendar time

	Mode 1A: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy
	Summary paper:
	Beam operation: 04/21/2024 - 09/30/2024 [162 days, 153 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Kiel Hock
	Major accomplishments and events: Blue snake bi9du reinstalled; quench protection diode bo8d6 replace for investigation of radiation damage; 1004B Blue valve box and IR4 DX magenet repaired; adjusted helium flow at gas cooled leads to reduce temperature variations with magnetic cycle; RHIC service building ODH alarm/fans became part of credited controls again - ASE changed; 1 AGS cold snake cryo cooler upgraded; all 13 new AGS skew quadrupoles installed, 6 PS installed for tests at beginning of run; STAR with radial (horizontal ) polarization; 8 days from first beam to physics (STAR); emittance growth on ramp from 56 MHz SRF FPC insufficiently inserted; VODH system suspended temporarity from 05/30 to 07/12/2024 due to unstable signals - RHIC ring posted ODH-1; unusully large number of power dips, local utility takes out capacitor bank to increase voltage in grid resulting in ~8 sec voltage variations, also visble in the beam loss rates; changed sPHENIX crossing angle from -2 mrad (creates larger aperture) to +2 mrad (06/21/2024); luminosity limited by 4 effects simultaneously: bunch intensity from injectors, B9-1 cavity bunch intensity limit of 2×10¹¹, losses at rebucketing, dynamic aperture (explored with test of reduced β^*); nominal store length 8 h; run extended by 2 weeks after sPHENIX TPC became fully functional
	Achieved beam parameters (L_peak and L_{store avg} calculated without crossing angle):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	111		0.85	?.? → ?.?	???×10³⁰	???×10³⁰	??
	injection: γ = 25.397		store: γ = 106.813, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosity:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-15]
	sPHENIX	0.85		×	-2 to +2 mrad full crossing angle, +1.5 mrad for main program
	STAR	0.85		×	0 to 1 mrad full crossing angle
	Time in store: ??% of calendar time


Run-23 CY2023 FY2023	Retreat at end of Run-23, 08/30/2023, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Mode 1A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [no run web site]
	Summary paper:
	Beam operation: 05/13/2023 - 08/01/2023 [80 days, 74 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Travis Shrey
	Major accomplishments and events: EBIS upgraded to Extended EBIS (2 instead of 1 superconducting solenoid for extended trap length and gas cell - also usable for polarized He-3), used for NSRL operation, Au beam from Tandem; AGS cold snake ground repaired; Blue bo9 snake removed for repair; RHIC 56 MHz SRF cavity reinstalled; 3D stochastic cooling; 5 cryo-weeks for mapping of sPHENIX solenoid (10/11/2023 to 11/15/2023); sPHENIX detector installation completed; operation with 2 mrad full crossing angle for sPHENIX and 1 mrad full crossing angle for STAR; 3 fixed target foils (C, Al, Fe) installed inside STAR detector to be used with Blue beam (C, Si, Fe beams at E_kin = 5, 20, 50 GeV/nucleon each for a total of 27 setups); 7 days from first beam to physics (STAR); several weeks of low availablity related to heat; on 06/08/2023 smoke from Canadian wildfires started triggering sensitive smoke detectors, shut down STAR overnight, which requires sensitive smoke detectors to run; /on 08/01/2023 12:31 a helium leak into the insulating vacuum of the valve box in building 1004B (RHIC main power supplies) developed, all 12 DX heaters had fired; started controlled warm-up on 08/04/2023 to allow for repair and longer shut-down
	Achieved beam parameters (L_peak and L_{store avg} are calculated without crossing angle, L_week is measured with crossing angle):

	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	111	1.5	0.7	2.1 → 0.8	79×10²⁶	44×10²⁶	0.39
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosity:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-16]
	sPHENIX	0.7	2.83	0.09×	2 mrad full crossing angle
	STAR	0.7	2.90	0.13×	1 mrad full crossing angle
	Time in store: 56% of calendar time


Run-22 CY2021/22 FY2022	Retreat at end of Run-22, 05/24/2022, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ in Yellow ring for CeC PoP at 26.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy
	Beam operation: 11/24/2021 - 04/18/2022 [145 days, 8 days for experiment] (interleaved with Mode 1A)
	Run Coordinators: Vincent Schoefer (RHIC), Vladimir Litvinenko, Igor Pinayev (CeC)
	Major accomplishments and events: one of two 500 MHz buncher cavities removed; permanent magnet undulator for setup (to be removed for cooling); new cryo-cooled infra-red light detector; upgrade to time-resolved diagnostics beamlinee; new drive laser with reduced timing jitter; solenoids beam-based aligned again after remal of heating jackets; after cathode change gun did not reach operating voltage of 1.25 MV again, discovered damage to RF fingers; Plasma Cascade Amplification (PCA) re-established with gain of about 300

	Mode 1A: polarized p on polarized p at 254.2 GeV particle energy [Run-22 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Schoefer, E.C.Aschenauer, D. Bruno, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, K. Hock, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, C. Liu, Y. Luo, I. Marneris, G. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Meot, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, A. Poblaguev, V. Ptitsyn, V. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, J. Sandberg, W. B. Schmidke, F. Severino, T. Shrey, P. Thieberger, J. Tuozzolo, M. Valette, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, and K. Zeno, "RHIC polarized proton operation in Run-22", proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 1765-1767 (2022).
	Beam operation: 12/03/2021 - 04/18/2022 [136 days, 128 days for physics] (interleaved with Mode 2A)
	Run Coordinator: Vincent Schoefer
	Major accomplishments and events: OPPIS LEBT modified (Einzel lenses replaced by quadrupoles) for higher transmission; multiple start-up issues including AGS cold snake short to ground, Booster vacuum restoration, Siemens rheostat repair, AGS high leakage current during high-pot, AGS cable tray damage in conduit under road, AGS dipole coil replacement, vaccum leak in Yellow IR7 triplet, stuck vacuum valve in BtA - replaced with spool piece, cryo control upgrade completion delayed full 4K cool-down by 13 days (time used to setup CeC electron beam), BNL site-wide power outage of 86 sec on 12/02/2021 - about 1 day recovery (found a helical magnet in Blue snake bi9 damaged after recovery); prepared new bunch split and merge scheme to reduce peak current at AGS injection and thereby emittance: additional bunch split on intermediate energy level in Booster and recombination at AGS before extraction (not used with Westinghouse MG); helical dipole 2 of Blue snake bi9 found to be open (possibly damage in power outage), need to run with configuration like in Run-3 (Yellow snake with same problem): 2 inner helical dipoles turned off, 2 outer helical dipoles a full strength with field reversed - provides a partial snake with 90% spin rotation; after power dip on 12/13/21 found helical magnet 4 in Blue snake bi9 also damaged, reconfigured again to use helical magnets 1 and 3 for a partial snake (can be done from outside); 18 days for setup to phyiscs; work on 7b-qd1 qunch detection system requires 5x longer energy ramp for 3 days (12/25-27/2021); changed store energy from γ = 271.635 (Gγ = 487.0) to γ = 270.938 (Gγ = 485.75) to have nearly vertical spin direction in all locations with bo9 partial snake - in particular pC polarimeters and STAR, beginnning with fillno 32934 (01/02/2022); Siemens MG set damage on 01/12/2021, switch to Westinghouse MG; first β^-squeeze immediately after energy ramp, second β^-squeeze after 3h; now storm with 19 inches (48 cm) accumulation in Suffolk on 01/29/22 - operation uninterrupted; switched back to Siemens on 03/08/2022 with new brushes and re-surfaced rings; nominal store length 8h; no abort kicker pre-fires in physics with RHIC abort kicker relays and delayed aborts
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	111	200	1.5 → 1.2 → 1.0	2.5 → 3.6	200×10³⁰	160×10³⁰	68
	Average store polarization: (50.0±0.2)% in Blue, (49.5±0.2)% in Yellow (run average); 54.1% in Blue, 53.4% in Yellow (60 stores at end of run, fillno 33205-33229 and 33260-33312) [A.A. Poblaguev, "HJET performance in Run 22"^*, BNL-222989-2022-TECH, C-A/AP/660 (2022)]
	injection: γ = 25.397, Gγ = 45.533		store: γ = 270.938, Gγ = 485.75
	Total delivered integrated luminosity:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-17]
	STAR	1.5 → 1.2 → 1.0	807	1.48×	leveled luminosity of 1.27×10³⁰ cm^-2s^-1 requested
	Time in store: 56% of calendar time


Run-21 CY2020/21 FY2021	Retreat at end of Run-21, 09/16/2021, BNL [Retreat web site] CeC Retreat, 08/16/2021, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Mode 3A: d at 101.3 GeV/nucleon on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 99.4 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site]
	Summary presentation: C. Liu, "Finale of RHIC Beam Energy Scan II operation", RHIC Retreat (16 November 2021).
	Beam operation: 06/28/2021 - 07/07/2021 [9 days, 4 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: d from Tandem (TiD cathode); setup from Run-16; use of 197 MHz storage RF; no stochastic cooling; 4 days to physics; zero crossing angle (tested 1.0 mrad, led to excessive emitance growth and background); luminosity leveled with vertical separation (only 10% of available luminosity at beginning of store); vertex distribution with 3 maxima - could be reduced with crossing angle, smaller vertical offset, and eventually STAR timing cut; average store length 3 h for higher luminosity part; after beam operation ended 4 days of magnet and power supply test to demonstrate 10% higher current in Yellow are dipoles and quadrupoles for EIC
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	56	40 d / 0.8 Au	0.7	1.0 → 1.2 d 1.2 → 2.3 Au	1.2×10^{28 (with leveling)}	1.2×10²⁸(with leveling)	2.2 (with leveling)

	Total delivered integrated luminosity:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
	STAR	0.7	1.25	108M min-bias events (goal: 100M); 109M central events (goal: 100M)
	Time in store: 40% of calendar time

	Mode 1G: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 8.65 GeV/nucleon [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Summary presentation: C. Liu, "Finale of RHIC Beam Energy Scan II operation", RHIC Retreat (16 November 2021).
	Beam operation: 05/24/2021 - 06/07/2021 [14 days, 11 days for physics] (interleaved with Mode 1B)
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: Au beam from EBIS; AGS extraction close to transition energy; 16 h for setup (first beam to physics); transverse damper operational (much smaller effect than in Mode 1A, 5-10% increase in peak rates);
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	1.9	2.5	2.0 → 3.0	3.8×10²⁶	1.6×10²⁶	50
	injection: γ = 9.290		store: γ = 9.290
	Total delivered integrated luminosity:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	STAR	2.5	83	256M events (goal: 250M)
	Time in store: 64% of calendar time

	Mode 2A: ¹⁶O⁸⁺ on ¹⁶O⁸⁺ at 100 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site]
	Summary presentation: C. Liu, "Finale of RHIC Beam Energy Scan II operation", RHIC Retreat (16 November 2021).
	Beam operation: 05/08/2021 - 05/24/2021 [16 days, 14 days for physics] (interleaved with Mode 1B)
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: O beam from EBIS with LION (ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃ targets); Booster: captured in h=4 and merged 4→2→1, 1 bunch extracted; in AGS: 12 bunches from Booster captured in h=12 and merged 12→6→2 (h=12 → h=6→ h=2), 2 bunches extracted; 36.3 h setup time (first beam to physics); 9 MHz RF cavities disabled (shorted); operation with 1.65 mrad full crossing angle to constrain collisions within ±30 cm (mesured rms vertex length 12 cm); increased length of abort gap because of unstable abort kicker timing; physics program with 3 parts: 400M min-bias events (lower luminosity, 6 calendar days), 200M central events (higher luminosity, 5 calendar days), 100M min-bias events with reversed polarity (lower luminosity, 3 calendar days); all with luminosity leveled with vertical separation; part 1 with 5 stores up to 12 h; part 2 with 10 stores with up to 23 h, part 3 with 4 stores with up to 7 h
	Achieved beam parameters (part 2, luminosity calculated from beam parameters, no vernier scan):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	106	8.5	0.7	1.25 → 1.75	45×10^{28 (before leveling)}	23×10^{28 (with leveling)}	80 (with leveling)
	injection: γ = 13.099		store: γ = 107.419
	Total delivered integrated luminosity:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
	STAR	0.7	32 (as reported)	402M min-bias events (goal: 400M); 212M central events (goal: 200M); 125M min-bias events with reversed STAR solenoid polarity (goal: 100M)
	Time in store: 58% of calendar time

	Mode 1F: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (9.23 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Summary paper: C. Liu, P. Adams, E. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, B. Coe, K.A. Brown, K. A. Drees, A. V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C. J. Gardner, C. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, K. Hock, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, T. Kanesue, D. Kayran, N. Kling, B. Lepore, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, M. Okamura, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zane, W. Zhang, "Review of the fixed target operation at RHIC in 2020", proceedings 2021 International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC'21, Campina, Brazil (2021).
	Beam operation: 05/07/2021 - 05/08/2021 [1 day, 1 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: 8 h setup time for oxygen in AGS (Mode 2A); 2.5 h setup first beam to physics; vertical corrector strength in IR6 at store at maximum with 17 mm orbit bump; vertical emittance increased with injection mismatch, tune kicker (~20 kicks per bunch) BBQ at store; STAR event rate ~1.7 kHz, stabilized with BBQ; store length 12 h (single store)
	Achieved beam parameters (Yellow beam only):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
	12	1.3	5.0	15
	injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 107.418
	Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	STAR	5.0	11	52.3M events (BES-II goal: 50M)

	Mode 1E: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 70.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (11.54 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Summary paper: C. Liu, P. Adams, E. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, B. Coe, K.A. Brown, K. A. Drees, A. V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C. J. Gardner, C. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, K. Hock, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, T. Kanesue, D. Kayran, N. Kling, B. Lepore, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, M. Okamura, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zane, W. Zhang, "Review of the fixed target operation at RHIC in 2020", proceedings 2021 International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC'21, Campina, Brazil (2021).
	Beam operation: 05/06/2021 - 05/07/2021 [1 day, 1 day for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: 5 h setup first beam to physics; STAR event rate 1.5 kHz, stabilized with orbit control, store length 12 h (single store)
	Achieved beam parameters (Yellow beam only):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
	12	1.5	5.0	(no data)
injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 75.177
Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
STAR	5.0	10	50.4M events (BES-II goal: 50M)

Mode 1D: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 44.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (13.76 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
Summary paper: C. Liu, P. Adams, E. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, B. Coe, K.A. Brown, K. A. Drees, A. V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C. J. Gardner, C. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, K. Hock, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, T. Kanesue, D. Kayran, N. Kling, B. Lepore, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, M. Okamura, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zane, W. Zhang, "Review of the fixed target operation at RHIC in 2020", proceedings 2021 International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC'21, Campina, Brazil (2021).
Beam operation: 05/05/2021 - 05/06/2021 [1 day, 1 day for physics]
Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
Major accomplishments and events: 9 MHz RF system disabled (shorted); use of RHIC abort kicker relays with delayed (6 ms) beam dumps; 2 h setup first beam to physics; STAR event rate 1.6 kHz, stabilized with orbit control; store length 12 h (single store)
Achieved beam parameters (Yellow beam only):
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
12	1.5	5.0	(no data)
injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 47.791
Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
STAR	5.0	10	50.3M events (BES-II goal: 50M)

Mode 1C: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 3.85 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (3.00 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
Summary paper: C. Liu, P. Adams, E. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, B. Coe, K.A. Brown, K. A. Drees, A. V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C. J. Gardner, C. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, K. Hock, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, T. Kanesue, D. Kayran, N. Kling, B. Lepore, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, M. Okamura, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zane, W. Zhang, "Review of the fixed target operation at RHIC in 2020", proceedings 2021 International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC'21, Campina, Brazil (2021).
Beam operation: 05/01/2021 - 05/05/2021, 06/07/2021 - 06/28/2021 [4 + 21 days, 4 + 18 days for physics; ] (Part 2 interleaved with Mode 1B)
Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
Major accomplishments and events: executed in 2 parts; Part 1: use of Tandem, then switched to EBIS; machine setup in 1.5 h, physics after 3.0 h; tunes (Q_x,Q_y) = (0.13,0.12); store length 2.0 h; LEReC off; STAR event rate 1.6 kHz, stabilized with orbit control and BBQ; CeC beam develeopment in abort gap; Part 2: use of EBIS, machine setup in 2.75 h, physics after 5 h, store length 1.5 h
Achieved beam parameters (Yellow beam only):
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
12 12	0.85 1.7	10.0 10.0	(no data) 1.1
injection: γ = 4.135		store: γ = 4.135
Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
STAR	10.0 10.0	63 368	307M events (BES-II goal: 300M) 1,795M events (goal: 1,700M events)
Time in store: 78% of calendar time (Part 1)

Mode 1B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ in Yellow ring for CeC PoP at 26.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy (parasitic use for ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR, 7.15 GeV/nucleon COM energy)
G. Wang, "Summary of the CeC experiment in RHIC Run 21", BNL-222354-2021-TECH, C-A/AP/656 (2021).
Beam operation: 02/12/2021 - 07/08/2021 [146 days, 14 days for experiment] (interleaved with Modes 1A, 2A, 1G, 1C (Part 2) and 3A)
Run Coordinators: Chuyu Liu (RHIC), Vladimir Litvinenko, Igor Pinayev (CeC)
Major accomplishments and events: new diagnostic beam line with spectrometer dipole and vertical deflectring cavity; CeC uses 6 equidistantly spaced non-colliding Au bunches while the other Au bunches collide at IP6; beam based alignement of solenoids; demonstration conventional cooling at highest energy to date; parasitic physic operation for 18 h
Achieved beam parameters for parasitic physics operation (Yellow beam only):
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
12	1.0	5.0	1.5 → 3.0
injection: γ = 7.840		store: γ = 28.500
Total delivered integrated luminosity:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
STAR	5.0	18	89M events

Mode 1A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 3.85 GeV/nucleon [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
Summary paper: C. Liu, P. Adams, E. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, B. Coe, K.A. Brown, K. A. Drees, A. V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C. J. Gardner, C. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, K. Hock, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, T. Kanesue, D. Kayran, N. Kling, B. Lepore, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, M. Okamura, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zane, W. Zhang, "RHIC Beam Energy Scan Operation with electron cooling in 2020", proceedings 2021 International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC'21, Campina, Brazil (2021).
Beam operation: 01/29/2021 - 05/01/2021 [92 days, 83 days for physics] (interleaved with Mode 1B)
Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
Major accomplishments and events: use Tandem for higher intensity and lower emittance in RHIC; in Booster: Tandem DC beam captured in h=6 and merged 6→3→1, 1 bunch extracted; in AGS: 8 bunches from Booster captured in h=12 and merged 2→1 (h=12 → h=6), 4 bunches extracted; use of AGS Siemens Motor-Generator again; 2.6 days for setup to physics; operation with LEReC; new 1.4 GHz cavity in LEReC accelerator to effectively double the electron bunch length and reduce the ion beam heating from the non-continous LEReC bunch structure; first β-squeeze from 4.5 to 3.0 m (design values) after 8 min in store and cooling, second β-squeeze from 3.0 to 2.5 m (design values) after 18 min in store and cooling; 30 min store length; inject with 3x40 kV = 120 kV 9 MHz RF voltage and ramp to 3x60 kV = 180 kV after injection of both beams to reduce beam losses during injection, ramp down voltage again to 3x40 = 120 kV for first β-squeeze and back up after β-squeeze; changes from tunes (Q_x,Q_y) = (0.23,0.22) to near integer tunes (Q_x,Q_y) = (0.12,0.11) again with longer electron bunches, reduced store length to 25 min with only first β*-squeeze, reduced LEReCe-beam current from 15 to 10 mA (03/09/2021); new transverse damper for possible reduction of chromaticity (03/19/2021, partially tested in 2015 for use with electron lenses); changed operation to injection with transverse damper on until ev-lumi, 9 MHz voltage constant at 3x60 kV = 180 kV - reduced beam losses during injection due to reduced transverse excitation and IBS growth rate, about 30% luminosity increase (03/26/2021); LEReC optimum current 8 mA (scanned 8-14 mA)
Achieved beam parameters:
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
111	1.4	4.5 → 3.0	1.5 → 1.0	79×10²⁴	29×10²⁴	16.3
injection: γ = 4.135		store: γ = 4.135
Total delivered integrated luminosity:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-10, BES-II / BES-I]
STAR	4.5 → 3.0	152	17.9×	97.7M events (BES-II goal: 100M; with 3.2M from Run-19 total of 100.9M)
Time in store: 62% of calendar time (excluding setup time)


Run-20 CY2019/20 FY2020	Retreat at end of Run-20, 09/15/2020, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Mode 1J: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ in Yellow ring for CeC PoP at 26.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy (parasitic use for ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR, 7.18 GeV/nucleon COM energy)
	Summary presentation and papers: C. Liu, "RHIC Beam Energy Scan II operation in 2020", RHIC Retreat (15 October 2020); V. Litvinenko, "Coherent electron Cooling (CeC) experiment at RHIC", C-AD MAC (1-4 December 2020); K. Zeno, "The 2020 low energy gold run in the injectors", BNL-220777-2021-TECH, C-A/AP/638 (2020); C. Liu, E. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, K.A. Brown, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, Y. Luo, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zane, and W. Zhang, "Review of the fixed target operation at RHIC in 2020", IPAC 2021.
	Beam operation: 03/11/2020 - 09/14/2020 [187 days, 9.3 days for experiment] (interleaved with Mode 1B)
	Run Coordinators: Chuyu Liu (RHIC), Vladimir Litvinenko, Igor Pinayev (CeC)
	Major accomplishments and events: acceleration ramp developed from 7.3 to 26.5 GeV/nucleon; demonstration of electron beam parameters (1 bunch, 1.5 nC, noise power <100x Poisson noise limit, rms dp/p < 1.5x10^-3, normalized slice emittance < 5 μm); 12 Yellow bunches with bunch intensity 0.5-2.0×10⁹, symmetrically distributed; observation of ion imprint on electron beam; parasitic fixed target operation 09/12/2020 06:20 to 09/14/2020 03:20
	Achieved beam parameters for parasitic physics operation (Yellow beam only):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
	12	1.3	5.0	1.5
	injection: γ = 7.840		store: γ = 28.500
	Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	STAR	5.0	65	317M events

	Mode 1I: LEReC cooling commissioning with ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 3.85 GeV/nucleon [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Summary presentations: C. Liu, "RHIC Beam Energy Scan II operation in 2020", RHIC Retreat (15 October 2020); A. Fedotov, "Low Energy RHIC electron Cooling (LEReC)", C-AD MAC (1-4 December 2020); K. Zeno, "The 2020 low energy gold run in the injectors", BNL-220777-2021-TECH, C-A/AP/638 (2020).
	Beam operation: 09/01/2020 - 09/07/2020 (6 days)
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: use of Tandem for majority of test period (EBIS used without LEReC); use of 9 MHz RF (h = 123, 3x60 kV) + 28 MHz (h = 369, 60/65 kV in Blue/Yellow with 2 cavities at 110/115 kV and 50 kV counter-phased), 3rd harmonic RF to flatten longitudinal profile and reduce space charge effects; tested various RF voltage ramps in store (small effect), best transverse cooling with constant RF voltages; tunes (Q_x,Q_y) = (0.235,0.23); β^*-squeeze from 4.5 to 3.5/3.0 m (design values) after 7 min in store and cooling (little difference in integrated luminosity between 3.5 m and 3.0 m); LEReC e-beam current scanned from 10 to 18 mA in steps of 2 mA (no standout value), used 16-17 mA for most of the time; 30 min store length (not optimized); delivered 2.42M events (HLT effective) to STAR over 68.5 h (09/04/2020 12:30 fillno 28829 to 09/07/2020 09:00 fillno 28921)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	0.8	4.5 → 3.0	1.5 → 0.5	22×10²⁴	11×10²⁴	1.4
	injection: γ = 4.135		store: γ = 4.135

	Mode 1H: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 5.75 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (3.54 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Summary presentation and papers: C. Liu, "RHIC Beam Energy Scan II operation in 2020", RHIC Retreat (15 October 2020); K. Zeno, "The 2020 low energy gold run in the injectors", BNL-220777-2021-TECH, C-A/AP/638 (2020); C. Liu, E. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, K.A. Brown, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, Y. Luo, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zane, and W. Zhang, "Review of the fixed target operation at RHIC in 2020", IPAC 2021.
	Beam operation: 02/13/2020 - 02/14/2020 [24 hours, 22.5 hours for pysics]
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: 1.5 h for setup; 4 stores; store length 6 h; STAR event rate approximately 1.5 kHz, stabilized with manual orbit control
	Achieved beam parameters (Yellow beam only):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
	12	1.0	10.0	2.0 → 1.5
	injection: γ = 6.187		store: γ = 6.187
	Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-10, BES-II / BES-I]
	STAR	10.0	24	3.1×	116M events (BES-II goal: 100M)
	Time in store: 97% of calendar time (excluding setup time)

	Mode 1G: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 7.3 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (3.93 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Summary presentation and papers: C. Liu, "RHIC Beam Energy Scan II operation in 2020", RHIC Retreat (15 October 2020); K. Zeno, "The 2020 low energy gold run in the injectors", BNL-220777-2021-TECH, C-A/AP/638 (2020); C. Liu, E. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, K.A. Brown, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, Y. Luo, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zane, and W. Zhang, "Review of the fixed target operation at RHIC in 2020", IPAC 2021.
	Beam operation: 02/03/2020 - 02/05/2020 [34 h, 27 h for pysics]
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: 2.5 h for setup; 6 stores; store length 5 h; STAR event rate approximately 1.6 kHz, stabilized with manual orbit control; includes 4.5 h APEX (test of acceleration after wiggle ramp)
	Achieved beam parameters (Yellow beam only):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]s
	12	1.0	10.0	1.4
	injection: γ = 7.840		store: γ = 7.840
	Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	STAR	10.0	24	117M events (BES-II goal: 100M, 52.7M in Run-19)
	Time in store: 91% of calendar time (excluding setup time)

	Mode 1F: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 13.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (4.49 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Summary presentation and papers: C. Liu, "RHIC Beam Energy Scan II operation in 2020", RHIC Retreat (15 October 2020); K. Zeno, "The 2020 low energy gold run in the injectors", BNL-220777-2021-TECH, C-A/AP/638 (2020); C. Liu, E. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, K.A. Brown, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, Y. Luo, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zane, and W. Zhang, "Review of the fixed target operation at RHIC in 2020", IPAC 2021.
	Beam operation: 02/02/2020 - 02/03/2020 [21.75 h, 21 h for pysics]
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: injection at 7.3 GeV/nucleon and acceleration from that energy (all acceleration to date from nominal injection energy of 9.8 GeV/nucleon, injection kickers configured with 40 Ω termination for faster risetime and not usable at nominal injection energy); 0.75 h for setup; 2 stores; store length 15 h, 7.4 h STAR event rate approximately 1.6 kHz, stabilized with manual orbit control
	Achieved beam parameters (Yellow beam only):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
	12	1.0	10.0	2.4 → 1.8
	injection: γ = 7.840		store: γ = 14.498
	Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	STAR	10.0	21	103M events (BES-II goal: 100M)
Time in store: 97% of calendar time (excluding setup time)

Mode 1E: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 19.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (6.19 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
Summary presentation and papers: C. Liu, "RHIC Beam Energy Scan II operation in 2020", RHIC Retreat (15 October 2020); K. Zeno, "The 2020 low energy gold run in the injectors", BNL-220777-2021-TECH, C-A/AP/638 (2020); C. Liu, E. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, K.A. Brown, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, Y. Luo, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zane, and W. Zhang, "Review of the fixed target operation at RHIC in 2020", IPAC 2021.
Beam operation: 02/01/2020 - 02/02/2020 [26.25 h, 24.25 for pysics]
Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
Major accomplishments and events: injection at 7.3 GeV/nucleon and acceleration from that energy (all acceleration to date from nominal injection energy of 9.8 GeV/nucleon, injection kickers configured with 40 Ω termination for faster risetime and not usable at nominal injection energy); 2 h for setup; 1 store; store length 21 h; STAR event rate approximately 1.8 kHz, stabilized with manual orbit control
Achieved beam parameters (Yellow beam only):
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
12	1.0	10.0	1.5
injection: γ = 7.840		store: γ = 20.942
Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
STAR	10.0	25	118M events (BES-II goal: 100M)
Time in store: 100% of calendar time (excluding setup time)

Mode 1D: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 9.8 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (4.49 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
Summary presentation and papers: C. Liu, "RHIC Beam Energy Scan II operation in 2020", RHIC Retreat (15 October 2020); K. Zeno, "The 2020 low energy gold run in the injectors", BNL-220777-2021-TECH, C-A/AP/638 (2020); C. Liu, E. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, K.A. Brown, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, Y. Luo, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zane, and W. Zhang, "Review of the fixed target operation at RHIC in 2020", IPAC 2021.
Beam operation: 01/29/2020 - 02/01/2020 [66.5 h, 34.5 for pysics] (interleaved with Mode 1B)
Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
Major accomplishments and events: injection at 7.3 GeV/nucleon and acceleration from that energy (all acceleration to date from nominal injection energy of 9.8 GeV/nucleon, injection kickers configured with 40 Ω termination for faster risetime and not usable at nominal injection energy); 5.5 h for setup, includes setups for 13.5 and 19.5 GeV/nucleon (Modes 1E and 1F); 8 stores; store length 4 h; STAR event rate approximately 1.7 kHz, stabilized with manual orbit control
Achieved beam parameters (Yellow beam only):
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
12	1.25	10.0	2.0 → 2.0
injection: γ = 7.840		store: γ = 10.52
Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
STAR	10.0	23	108M events (BES-II goal: 100M)
Time in store: 81% of calendar time (excluding setup time and Mode 1B)

Mode 1C: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 31.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (7.77 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
Summary presentation and papers: C. Liu, "RHIC Beam Energy Scan II operation in 2020", RHIC Retreat (15 October 2020); K. Zeno, "The 2020 low energy gold run in the injectors", BNL-220777-2021-TECH, C-A/AP/638 (2020); C. Liu, E. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, K.A. Brown, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, Y. Luo, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zane, and W. Zhang, "Review of the fixed target operation at RHIC in 2020", IPAC 2021.
Beam operation: 01/27/2020 - 01/29/2020 [46.5 h, 25.5 h for pysics]
Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
Major accomplishments and events: injection at 7.3 GeV/nucleon and acceleration from that energy (all acceleration to date from nominal injection energy of 9.8 GeV/nucleon, injection kickers configured with 40 Ω termination for faster risetime and not usable at nominal injection energy); 21 h for setup; 2 stores; store length 13-14 h; STAR event rate approximately 1.5 kHz, stabilized with manual orbit control
Achieved beam parameters (Yellow beam only):
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
12	1.5	5.0	3.0 → 3.0
injection: γ = 7.840		store: γ = 33.505
Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
STAR	5.0	23	112M events (BES-II goal: 100M; 50.6M in Run-19)
Time in store: 96% of calendar time (excluding setup time)

Mode 1B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 4.59 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
Summary presentations: C. Liu, "RHIC Beam Energy Scan II operation in 2020", RHIC Retreat (15 October 2020); A. Fedotov, "Low Energy RHIC electron Cooling (LEReC)", C-AD MAC (1-4 December 2020); K. Zeno, "The 2020 low energy gold run in the injectors", BNL-220777-2021-TECH, C-A/AP/638 (2020).
Beam operation: 12/16/2020 - 03/20/2020 and 06/15/2020 - 09/01/2020 [95+78=173 days, 117 days for physics] (interleaved with Modes 1A, 1C - 1H, interrupted by 87-day shutdown from 03/20/2020 to 06/15/2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic)
Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
Major accomplishments and events: use of 9 Mhz RF (h = 120) system only; Au beam from EBIS (larger longitudinal emittance than from Tandem can be captured in 9 MHz RF system, will be reduced with cooling); 8 days for setup (interleaved with Mode 1A) including LEReC; first use of LEReC in operation; routine operation with 375 kV DC gun and 20 mA average current from photo-cathode; AGS 12→3 merge for higher bunch intensity; tested dynamic beta squeeze during store; tunes (Q_x,Q_y)=(0.22,0.23), tested (0.18,0.19) and (0.12,0.11) both with higher loss rates; store length 45 min; β^-squeeze from 4.5 to 3.5 m (design values) after 15 min in store and cooling; reduction of 9 MHz RF voltage from 180 kV to 140 kV to reduce beam loss rates (03/02/2020); second β^-squeeze from 3.5 to 3.0 m (design values) after 30 min in store and cooling (starting 03/09/2020, about 3% luminsity gain); RHIC operation shut down on 03/20/2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, BNL went into Min Safe state on 03/23/2020, magnets maintained at cryogenic temperature; re-start with Siemens Motor-Generator instead of Westinghouse; beam in RHIC again on 06/15/2020; collisions re-established on 06/17/2020 after 2 days for setup; 3 days downtime after arc in 13.8 kV power feed for Booster for repair and inspection (07/31-08/03/2020).
Achieved beam parameters:
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
111	1.1	4.5 → 3.5 → 3.0	1.5 → 1.1	58×10²⁴	40×10²⁴	16
injection: γ = 4.932		store: γ = 4.932
Total delivered integrated luminosity:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
STAR	4.5 → 3.5 → 3.0	176	162M events (BES-II goal: 160M)
Time in store: 60% of calendar time

Mode 1A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 5.75 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
Summary presentation: C. Liu, "RHIC Beam Energy Scan II operation in 2020", RHIC Retreat (15 October 2020); K. Zeno, "The 2020 low energy gold run in the injectors", BNL-220777-2021-TECH, C-A/AP/638 (2020).
Beam operation: 12/05/2019 - 02/24/2019 [81 days, 62 days for physics] (interleaved with Modes 1B - 1H)
Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
Major accomplishments and events: re-aligned Blue and Yellow injection and abort kickers; Au beam from Tandem for smaller longitudinal emittance; use of 9 MHz RF (h = 121) and 28 MHz RF (h = 363) systems concurrently, 9 MHz RF system provides larger bucket area, more longitudinal focusing and reduces debunching; use Westinghouse as AGS motor-generator (Siemens still in maintenance); lattice with β ^*= 10/10/3.5/10/20/10 m (design values); 5 days for setup to physics; changed tunes from (0.09,0.08) to (0.11,0.12) to prevent emittanct blowup at injection on integer resonance with large space charge tune shift; store length 23 min; increased AGS intensity limit by 20% to 9.6×10⁹ Au ions per cycle (MPS limit stemming from risk of vacuum failure after beam loss, and risk of damage to extraction elements from beam loss); RHIC abort kicker relays running again for testing (starting week of 02/03/2020)
Achieved beam parameters:
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
111	1.7	4.0	2.1 → 1.5	137×10²⁴	70×10²⁴	25
injection: γ = 6.187		store: γ = 6.187
Total delivered integrated luminosity:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
STAR	4.0	143	235M events (BES-II goal: 230M)
Time in store: 64% of calendar time


Run-19 CY2018/19 FY2019	LEReC mini-workshop on beam dynamcis, 10/31/2019, BNL
	LEReC Retreat, 08/28/2019, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Retreat at end of Run-19, 07/31/2019, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Mode 1K: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Beam operation: 07/09/2019 - 07/12/2019 [3 days, 35.5 h for physics, 21.5 h of APEX]
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: to minimize setup time: no Landau cavities, no storage cavities, not stochastic cooling, 1 mrad full crossing angle at IP6 to avoid DX training (also serves as test for anticipated sPHENIX operation with 2 mrad crossing angle); most of Run-19 APEX time during Mode 1K; 15 h for setup; 6 stores; store length ~5 h; STAR request for 3-5 kHz of ZDC rates, last stores leveled at 4 kHz; due to lack of storage RF hourglass factor h = 0.75 → 0.5 over store length; CeC beam operation in parallel (start on 05/16/2019, electron beam only, vaccum system separated from RHIC)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]
	111	0.85	0.7	1.35 → 2.0	12×10²⁶	10×10²⁶	leveled L
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosity:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	STAR	0.7	80	138.4M events (goal: 140M)
	Time in store: 58% of calendar time

	Mode 1J: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 31.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (7.77 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Beam operation: 07/08/2019 - 07/09/2019 [18.5 hours, 12.75 hours for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: reverted injection kicker terminating resistor (from 40 Ω to 25 Ω), and gamma-tr changes; used standard hysteresis cycle (max dipole current of 1500 A, minimum of 50 A); 6 h for setup; single store (fillno 24411); store lenght 11 h 45 min; STAR event rate 1.5 kHz, stabilized with orbit control (not BBQ); CeC beam operation in parallel (start on 05/16/2019, electron beam only, vaccum system separated from RHIC)
	Achieved beam parameters (Yellow beam only):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
	12	0.9	5.0	1.8 → 4.2
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 33.507
	Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	STAR	5.0	11	50.6M events (BES-II goal: 100M)

	Mode 1I: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 4.59 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Summary paper: C. Liu, I. Blacker, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, C. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, N. Kling, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, B. Martin, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, V. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Accelerator performance during the Beam Energy Scan II at RHIC in 2019", proceedings 2019 North American Particle Accelerator Conference NAPAC'19, Lansing, MI (2019).
	Beam operation: 07/02/2019 - 07/08/2019 [6 days, 6 days for physics] (interleaved with Mode 1G)
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: 35 min setup; 35 min store length; tested β^*-squeeze from 4.5 to 4.0 m during store (07/02/2019); tested injection with 3→1 bunch merge in AGS (instead of 2→1), increased the fill time by 4 min and initial rates by ~50% (07/04/2019); CeC beam operation in parallel (start on 05/16/2019, electron beam only, vaccum system separated from RHIC)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	0.8	4.5	1.5 → 1.8	25×10²⁴	17×10²⁴	6.6
	injection: γ = 4.932		store: γ = 4.932
	Total delivered integrated luminosity:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	STAR	4.5	7.0	1.0M events within ±70 cm (BES-II goal: 160M)
	Time in store: 62% of calendar time

	Mode 1H: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 4.59 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (3.22 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Summary paper: C. Liu, I. Blacker, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, K.A. Brown, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, C. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, N. Kling, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, B. Martin, G. Marr, A. Marusic, C. Naylor, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, V. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zhang, and W. Zhang, "Fixed target operation at RHIC in 2019", proceedings of the 2019 North American Particle Accelerator Conference NAPAC2019, Lansing, MI (2019).
	Beam operation: 06/28/2019 - 07/02/2019 [4 days, 2 days for physics] (interleaved with Mode 1G)
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: 13 h for setup; 12 stores; store length 4.5 h; STAR event rate 1.5 kHz, stabilized with orbit, BBQ only at end of store; emittance increase with horizontal chromaticity changes; CeC beam operation in parallel (start on 05/16/2019, electron beam only, vaccum system separated from RHIC)
	Achieved beam parameters (Yellow beam only):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
	12	0.65	10.0	1.25 → 1.75
	injection: γ = 4.932		store: γ = 4.932
	Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	STAR	5.0	42	200.6M events (BES-II goal: 100M)
	Time in store: 88% of calendar time

	Mode 1G: LEReC cooling commissioning with ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 4.59 GeV/nucleon [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Summary paper: A.V. Fedotov, Z. Altinbas, M. Blaskiewicz, M. Brennan, D. Bruno, C. Brutus, M. Costanzo, A. Drees, W. Fischer, J. Fite, M. Gaowei, D. Gassner, X. Gu, J. Halinski, K. Hamdi, L. Hammons, T. Hayes, R. Hulsart, P. Inacker, J. Jamilkowski, Y. Jing, J. Kewisch, P. Kankiya, D. Kayran, R. Lehn, C.J. Liaw, C. Liu, J. Ma, G. Mahler, M. Mapes, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, C. Mi, R. Michnoff, T. Miller, M. Minty, S. Nayak, L. Nguyen, M. Paniccia, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, V. Ptitsyn, T. Rao, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T. Shrey, L. Smart, K. Smith, H. Song, A. Sukhanov, R. Than, P. Thieberger, S. Trabocchi, J. Tuozzolo, P. Wanderer, E. Wang, G. Wang, D. Weiss, B. Xiao, T. Xin, W. Xu, A. Zaltsman, H. Zhao, and Z. Zhao, "First electron cooling of hadron beams using a bunched electron beam", proceedings of the 2019 North American Particle Accelerator Conference NAPAC2019, Lansing, MI (2019).
	Beam operation: 06/28/2019 - 07/15/2019 [18 days, 6 days dedicated to LEReC] (interleaved with Modes 1H, 1I, 1J and 1K)
	Run Coordinators: Alexei Fedotov, Dmitry Kayran (LEReC), Chuyu Liu (RHIC)
	Major accomplishments and events: CeC beam operation in parallel (start on 05/16/2019, electron beam only, vaccum system separated from RHIC); electron beam setup with 2.0 MeV beam energy; tunes near regular ion tunes (0.23,0.22); 3D cooling demonstration in both Blue and Yellow with colliding beams; best stores with cooling (24447, 24448, 24449, 244451);~20% increase in integrated luminosiy with cooling in store 24451 relative to 24450 without cooling
	Achieved beam parameters (estimated, based on Mode 1I and fillno 24450):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]
	111	0.8	4.5	1.5	25×10²⁴	20×10²⁴
injection: γ = 4.932		store: γ = 4.932

Mode 1F: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 3.85 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (3.00 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
Summary paper: C. Liu, I. Blacker, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, K.A. Brown, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, C. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, N. Kling, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, B. Martin, G. Marr, A. Marusic, C. Naylor, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, V. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zhang, and W. Zhang, "Fixed target operation at RHIC in 2019", proceedings of the 2019 North American Particle Accelerator Conference NAPAC2019, Lansing, MI (2019).
Beam operation: 06/09/2019 (2h)
Run Coordinaor: Chuyu Liu
Major accomplishments and events: single store (fillno 23871); store length 1h 19 min; STAR event rate 1.6 kHz, stabilized with orbit control and BBQ; data set complements Run-18 data set with new STAR iTPC; CeC beam operation in parallel (start on 05/16/2019, electron beam only, vaccum system separated from RHIC)
Achieved beam parameters (Yellow beam only):
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
12	0.73	10.0	1.25 → 1.25
injection: γ = 4.135		store: γ = 4.135
Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
STAR	10.0	1.1	5.35M min-bias events (of which 3.71M are "good")

Mode 1E: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 3.85 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
Summary paper: C. Liu, I. Blacker, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, C. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, N. Kling, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, B. Martin, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, V. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Accelerator performance during the Beam Energy Scan II at RHIC in 2019", proceedings 2019 North American Particle Accelerator Conference NAPAC'19, Lansing, MI (2019).
Beam operation: 06/03/2019 - 06/27/2019 [24 days, 24 days for physics] (interleaved with Mode 1A)
Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
Major accomplishments and events: operation with 9 MHz RF system (larger bucket area and reduced space charge but also wider experimental vertex region); use of new ("wiggles") magnetic cycle to reduce persisten-current driven field changes; 11 h for setup; 30 min store length, then reduced to 20 min; with higher luminosity event rate in +-70 cm ("good" event region) approxiately the same as in Run-10 due to longer buches (3.25 m in Run-19 vs 1.6 m in Run-10); Yellow abort kicker relay serial switches active (06/19/2019); CeC beam operation in parallel (start on 05/16/2019, electron beam only, vaccum system separated from RHIC)
Achieved beam parameters:
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
111	0.615	4.5	1.5 → 1.4	1.3×10²⁵	6.9×10²⁴	1.4
injection: γ = 4.135		store: γ = 4.135
Total delivered integrated luminosity:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-10 3.85 GeV/nucleon]
STAR	4.5	3.57	2.5×	2.86M events within ±70 cm (BES-II goal: 100M)
Time in store: 61% of calendar time

Mode 1D: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 7.3 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (3.93 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
Summary paper: C. Liu, I. Blacker, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Bruno, K.A. Brown, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, C. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, N. Kling, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, B. Martin, G. Marr, A. Marusic, C. Naylor, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, V. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zhang, and W. Zhang, "Fixed target operation at RHIC in 2019", proceedings of the 2019 North American Particle Accelerator Conference NAPAC2019, Lansing, MI (2019).
Beam operation: 06/18/2019 (13 h, 11 h for physis)
Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
Major accomplishments and events: operation with 28 MHz RF system (better average luminosity due to lower IBS growth rates and smaller vertex distribution); use of new ("wiggles") magnetic cycle to reduce persisten-current driven field changes; lattice with β^* = 10 m at IP6 for larger beam size at the fixed target; beam displaced by -10 mm vertically in STAR to have beam halo interact with target; STAR event rate 1.6 kHz - stabilized with orbit control (not by BBQ); store length 1-3 h; CeC beam operation in parallel (start on 05/16/2019, electron beam only, vaccum system separated from RHIC)
Achieved beam parameters (Yellow beam only):
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
12	1.4	10.0	2.0 → 2.8	52.7M events (BES-II goal: 100M)
injection: γ = 7.840		store: γ = 7.840
Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
STAR	10.0	11	52.7M events
Time in store: 96% of calendar time

Mode 1C: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 7.3 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
Summary paper: C. Liu, I. Blacker, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, C. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, N. Kling, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, B. Martin, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, V. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Accelerator performance during the Beam Energy Scan II at RHIC in 2019", proceedings 2019 North American Particle Accelerator Conference NAPAC'19, Lansing, MI (2019).
Beam operation: 04/03/2019 - 06/03/2019 [61 days, 60 days for physics] (interleaved with Mode 1A)
Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
Major accomplishments and events: operation with 28 MHz RF system (better average luminosity due to lower IBS growth rates and smaller vertex distribution); use of new ("wiggles") magnetic cycle to reduce persisten-current driven field changes; 24.5 h for setup; tested β^*= 2.5 m - too much background; changed injetion kicker modules to matching termination resistor (from 25 Ω to 40 Ω) resulting in shorter rise time (Blue 04/10/2019, Yellow 04/24/2019); initial store length 1h, later reduced to 45 min; tunes (Qx,Qy)=(28.09,29.085); tested new filling scheme with 1/2 Yellow, full Blue, 1/2 Yellow (05/14-17/2019); Blue abort kicker relay serial switches active (05/22/2019); CeC beam operation in parallel (start on 05/16/2019, electron beam only, vaccum system separated from RHIC)
Achieved beam parameters:
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
111	1.75	3.0	2.2 → 2.45	2.1×10²⁶	7.9×10²⁵	24
injection: γ = 7.840		store: γ = 7.840
Total delivered integrated luminosity:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-14 BES-II / BES-I]
STAR	3.0	132	6.2×	324M events within ±70 cm (BES-II goals: 300M)
Time in store: 51% of calendar time

Mode 1B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 9.8 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
Summary paper: C. Liu, I. Blacker, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, C. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, N. Kling, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, B. Martin, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, V. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, I. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Accelerator performance during the Beam Energy Scan II at RHIC in 2019", proceedings 2019 North American Particle Accelerator Conference NAPAC'19, Lansing, MI (2019).
Beam operation: 02/18/2019 - 04/03/2019 [43 days, 36 days for physics] (interleaved with Mode 1A)
Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
Major accomplishments and events: operation with 28 MHz RF system (better average luminosity due to lower IBS growth rates and smaller vertex distribution); use of new ("wiggles") magnetic cycle to reduce persisten-current driven field changes; use only 2 of 5 abort kicker modules to allow for higher voltage; lattice with β^*= 20/10/2.3/10/20/10 m in IP2/4/6/8/10/12 and tunes (Qx,Qy)=(28.093,29.085); 7 days from first beam to physics; nominal store length 1 h; electron clouds in IR6 leading to dynamic pressure rise and experimental background, which limits the luminosity; implemented 10 ms delay in magnet energy extraction in both rings on 03/27/2019 in preparation for turning on abort kicker relay use
Achieved beam parameters:
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
111	1.85	2.3	1.8 → 2.4	5.0×10²⁶	1.5×10²⁶	42
injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 10.52
Total delivered integrated luminosity:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-11]
STAR	2.3	151	9.6×	581M events within ±70 cm (BES-II goals: 400M)
Time in store: 54% of calendar time

Mode 1A: LEReC cooling commissioning with ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 3.85 GeV/nucleon [Run-19/20/21 Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
Summary paper: A.V. Fedotov, Z. Altinbas, M. Blaskiewicz, M. Brennan, D. Bruno, C. Brutus, M. Costanzo, A. Drees, W. Fischer, J. Fite, M. Gaowei, D. Gassner, X. Gu, J. Halinski, K. Hamdi, L. Hammons, T. Hayes, R. Hulsart, P. Inacker, J. Jamilkowski, Y. Jing, J. Kewisch, P. Kankiya, D. Kayran, R. Lehn, C.J. Liaw, C. Liu, J. Ma, G. Mahler, M. Mapes, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, C. Mi, R. Michnoff, T. Miller, M. Minty, S. Nayak, L. Nguyen, M. Paniccia, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, V. Ptitsyn, T. Rao, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T. Shrey, L. Smart, K. Smith, H. Song, A. Sukhanov, R. Than, P. Thieberger, S. Trabocchi, J. Tuozzolo, P. Wanderer, E. Wang, G. Wang, D. Weiss, B. Xiao, T. Xin, W. Xu, A. Zaltsman, H. Zhao, and Z. Zhao, "First electron cooling of hadron beams using a bunched electron beam", proceedings of the 2019 North American Particle Accelerator Conference NAPAC2019, Lansing, MI (2019).
Beam operation: 01/09/2019 - 06/26/2019 [168 days, 28 days dedicated to LEReC] (interleaved with Modes 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E)
Run Coordinators: Alexei Fedotov, Dmitry Kayran (LEReC), Chuyu Liu (RHIC)
Major accomplishments and events: AtR realignment and installation of a new BPM after WD4; start-up and entire Run-19 operation with Westinghouse Motor-Generator, Siemens Motor-Generator maintenance completed and MG tested after Run-19; 56 MHz SRF cavity removed; orbit corrector PS ressolution upgrade from 12 to 16 bits; new warm vertical orbit corrector in common section of IR2 to allow for vertical separation of beams while having flat orbit in cooling sections; lattice with β^*= 30/10/6/10/20/10 m in IP2/4/6/8/10/12, β-function in cooling sections 20±2 m in both planes (round beam of constant radius); 3 new 9 MHz cavities installed in both rings (60 kV each); LEReC upgrades to laser, DC gun vacuum and PS, RF, instrumentation, beam dump; use of new ("wiggles") magnetic cycle to reduce persisten-current driven field changes; observed signal in recombination monitor (03/28/2019); observed single Au bunch cooling in Yellow (04/04/2019) and Blue (04/17/2019); longitudinal cooling stronger than longitudinal IBS leading to bunch length reduction, transverse cooling of same strength as transverse heating resulting in same loss rates of cooled and uncooled bunch; cooled a single Au buch in Yellow and Blue with the same electron beam (04/22/2019); first physics store with cooling (06/12/19, fillno 23939) with ~20% increase in integrated luminosity relative to physics stores from previous night (23928, 23930, 23932); ~40% increase in integrated luminosiy with cooling in store 24263 relative to 24264 without cooling; reliable operation with about 20 mA electron beam current
Achieved beam parameters (estimated, based on Mode 1E and fillno 23939):
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]
111	0.58	4.5	1.5	1.3×10²⁵	8.3×10²⁴
injection: γ = 4.135		store: γ = 4.135


Run-18 CY2017/18 FY2018	LEReC Retreat, 09/27/2018, BNL [Retreat web site] Retreat at end of Run-18, 07/13/2018, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Mode 4: Dedicated LEReC electron beam commissioning at 1.6 MeV, CeC electron beam development [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Beam operation: 06/19/2018 - 09/17/2018 (89 days)
	Run Coordinators: Alexei Fedotov, Dmitry Kayran (LEReC); Vladimir Livinenko, Igor Pinayev (CeC)
	Major accomplishments and events: no hadron beams to allow for STAR upgrade work in preparation of BES-II (iTPC installation)

	Mode 3C: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ in Yellow ring for CeC PoP at 26.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy (parasitic use for ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR, 7.15 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-18 Zr+Zr/Ru+Ru and Au+Au web site]
	Beam operation: 04/19/2018 - 06/18/2018 [185.8 h total for physics)] (interleaved with Modes 1, 2 and 3A)
	Run Coordinators: Greg Marr (RHIC), Vladimir Litvinenko, Igor Pinayev (CeC)
	Major accomplishments and events: Yellow beam only, fixed target data taking in STAR in parallel
	Achieved beam parameters (conditions for fillno 22207 on 06/17/2018):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
	12	0.2	5.0	1.5 → 1.6
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 28.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	STAR	5.0	33	155M events, parasitically to CeC PoP experiment

	Mode 3B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 3.85 GeV/nucleon particle energy on fixed target ¹⁹⁷Au foil inside STAR (2.98 GeV/nucleon COM energy) [Run-18 Zr+Zr/Ru+Ru and Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Beam operation: 05/30/2018 - 06/04/2018 [4.6 d, 4.3 d for physics] (interleaved with machine devleopment for BES-II)
	Run Coordinators: Greg Marr, Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: fixed Au target foil installed 2 m West of STAR at bottom of beam pipe for Ru-17; modified 2 of 5 RHIC injection kicker magnets (40 Ω matching termination resistor); collisions of Yellow beam with fixed target; harmonic number h = 120 in Yellow (9 MHz RF), h = 369 in Blue (28 MHz); tunes (Q_x,Q_y) = (0.15,0.12); several tests for BES-II (injection kicker rise time with matched termination resistor - 40 vs. 25 Ω standard; new hysteresis cycle to reduce persistent currents, 3 cycles between 100 and 300 A dipole current with amplitude ramping down; orbit, tune, coupling, chromaticity and optics measuements); no gap cleaner running; used BBQ to maintain STAR event rate close to target of 2 kHz throughout store; store length 30-45 min; MPS tests for use of serial relay switches in RHIC abort kicker; LEReC electron beam commissioning in parallel
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]
	12	0.6	6.0	not recorded
	injection: γ = 4.135		store: γ = 4.135
	Total delivered integrated luminosity (approximate):
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	STAR	6.0	63	300M events (BES-II goal is 100M events)
	Time in store: 58% of calendar time

	Mode 3A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 13.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-18 Zr+Zr/Ru+Ru and Au+Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II)]
	Beam operation: 05/10/2018 - 05/302018 and 06/04/2018 - 06/18/2018 [30.7 days, 24.0 days for physics] (Mode 3B between the two periods, interleaved with Mode 3C - dedicated CeC PoP time)
	Run Coordinator: Greg Marr
	Major accomplishments and events: setup to phyiscs in 25.5 h; operation at near integer tunes (Q_x,Q_y) = (0.10,0.08), reverted back to usual ion tunes of (Q_x,Q_y) = (0.23,0.22) for better orbit control, ramp transmission and store lifetime; standard merger scheme: Booster 4→2→1, AGS 12→6→2 (with 12 Booster loads); no rebucketing and no stochastic cooling; nominal store length 1.5 h; beam intensity initially limited by beam-gas interactions in STAR; 132.7 h of dedicted CeC time (parasitic fixed target operation in parallel); LEReC electron beam commissioning in parallel
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	/rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	2.0	3.0	2.25 → 3.25	5.8×10²⁶	3.0×10²⁶	69
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 14.498
	Total delivered integrated luminosity:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-11]
	STAR	3.0	282	4.7×
	Time in store: 58% of calendar time

	Mode 2: ⁹⁶Ru⁴⁴⁺ on ⁹⁶Ru⁴⁴⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-18 Zr+Zr/Ru+Ru and Au+Au web site] Mode 1: ⁹⁶Zr⁴⁰⁺ on ⁹⁶Zr⁴⁰⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy (daily switch from one mode to the other)
	Summary paper: G.J. Marr, E.N. Beebe, I. Blackler, W. Christie, K.A. Drees, P.S. Dyer, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, C. Giorgio, H. Huang, T. Kanesue, N.A. Kling, V. Litvinenko, C. Liu, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, B. Martin, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, M.G. Minty, C. Naylor, M. Okamura, I. Pinayev, G. Ro-bert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, V. Schoefer, T.C. Shrey, D. Steski, P. Thieberger, J.E. Tuoz-zolo, K. Zeno, I.Y. Zhang, "Ion collider precision measurements with different species", proceedings 2019 International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC'19, Melbourne, Australia (2019).
	Beam operation: 03/08/2018 - 05/10/2018 [63 days, 57 days for physics] (interleaved with Mode 3C - dedicated CeC PoP time)
	Run Coordinator: Greg Marr
	Major accomplishments and events: Linac LLRF upgrade completed; repositioned IR2 10 Hz orbit correctors due to LEReC installation, required mu-metal shielding to reduce interference with other beam; completed LEReC installation; 2 layers of steel shielding on 3:00 o'clock DX and D0 for CeC electron beam; one new 9 MHz cavity in Yellow ring only (for fixed target operation and BES-II test); Zr-96 from LION/EBIS with merger scheme: Booster 4→2→1, AGS 12→6→2 (with 12 Booster loads) later changed to 8→4→2 (with 8 Booster loads); Ru-96 from Tandem with merger scheme: Booster 4→2→1, AGS 8→4→2 (with 8 Booster loads); first ever store-by-store switch between species in a collider; difference of 0.068 Hz in store rf frequency (h = 360) between Zr and Ru; 6 days setup to physics (for 3 beams Au, Zr, Ru and including 2 snow storms with multiple power dips); luminosity leveled with stochastic cooling and variable vertical offset; nominal store length 20 h (longest store 23.1 h); abort kicker serial switches installed in Blue and Yellow rings (2 switches for each kicker module to provide redundancy) - use of relay serial switch adds 7 ms to the abort process; no abort kicker pre-fires (probably due to operation with low beam losses); special Yellow Au ramp for CeC PoP (γ = 28.5); 53.1 h of dedicated CeC time; LEReC electron beam commissioning in parallel; very low beam losses due to strongly reduced BFPP and EMD cross sections and cooling (SEUs reduced by 2 orders of magnitude compared to Au+Au)
	Achieved beam parameters Zr+Zr and Ru+Ru:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance (from IPM) [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	Zr: 111	1.0	0.7	1.15 → 0.9	48×10²⁶	22×10²⁶	0.51
	Ru: 111	1.0	0.7	1.2 → 0.9	38×10²⁶	21×10²⁶	0.52
	Zr: injection: γ = 10.936		store: γ = 107.482
	Ru: injection: γ = 12.021		store: γ = 107.485
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity Zr+Zr [nb^-1]	luminosity Ru+Ru [nb^-1]
	STAR	0.7	3.91	4.00	luminosity leveled at 10 kHz ZDC rate (21.5×10²⁶ cm^-2s^-1)
	Time in store: 72% of calendar time


Run-17 CY2016/17 FY2017	Retreat at end of Run-17, 08/08/2017 - 08/09/2017, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Mode 1B: polarized p on polarized p at 254.9 GeV particle energy (RHICf) [Run-17 p-p web site]
	Beam operation: 06/21/2017 - 06/27/2017 [5.7 days, 2.75 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Vahid Ranjbar
	Major accomplishments and events: special run for RHICf, a detector measuring forward particles from the Yellow beam and replacing the ZDC; radial polarization at IP6 using the spin rotators; 2.9 days setup to physics; vertical position of RHICf detector changed after each store, requiring tunnel access; unusual high failure time during setup and early physics; 5 stores total; sucessful test of new MMPS regulator in Blue ring; LEReC DC gun commissioning demonstrates 10 mA average current after the run, 704 MHz CW with abort gap (08/11/2017)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	111	110	8.0	2.3 → 2.1	13×10³⁰	10×10³⁰	3.7
	Average store polarization: 56.5% in Blue, 60.9% in Yellow (only Yellow polarization used in RHICf) (H-jet measurements, run average)^*
	injection: γ = 25.397		store: γ = 271.635, Gγ = 487.0
	Total delivered integrated luminosity:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	RHICf (IR6)	8.0	1.36
	Time in store: 58% of calendar time

	Mode 2: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 27.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy (concurrent with CeC PoP) [Run-17 Au+Au web site]
	Summary presentation: G. Marr, "Run-17 Au+Au review, ...", RHIC Retreat (2017).
	Beam operation: 05/30/2017 - 06/19/2017 [22 days, 18 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Greg Marr
	Major accomplishments and events: energy selected to allow for concurrent operation with Coherent electron Cooling Proof of Principle (CeC PoP) experiment; use of 197 MHz storage cavities; no stochastic cooling because of short run length; 3.8 days setup to physics; approximately 3.5 h store length (stores are terminated when uncorrected ZDC rates fall below 2.5 kHz, the STAR min-bias bandwidth); Blue Landau cavity limits bunch intensity, resolved on 06/12/2017; transition crossing always lead to beam loss and often to emittance growth, the latter is not mitigtated due to the lack of cooling; tested Landau cavities at transition crossing for higher intensities by changing Fourier components of beam current (every 16th or 10th bunch missing) - Landau cavities expected to be good for Au bunch intensity of 3×10⁹; LEReC DC gun commissioning demonstrates design values for cathode QE (1%) and macro-bunch intensity (3 nC in 30 micro-bunches) at low repetition rate (4 macro-bunch trains at 1 Hz)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	1.65	2.0	2.4 → 4.5	10.0×10²⁶	4.9×10²⁶	195
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 29.229
	Total delivered integrated luminosity:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-10 at 31.2 GeV/nucleon]
	STAR	2.0	477	0.88×
	Time in store: 68% of calendar time

	Mode 1A: polarized p on polarized p at 254.9 GeV particle energy [Run-17 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. H. Ranjbar, P. Adams, E.C. Aschenauer, Z. Altinbas, G. Atoian, E. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, M. Costanzo, T. D’Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, M. Harvey, C. Harper, T. Hayes, H. Huang, J. Hock, R. Hulsart, J. Jamilkowski, T. Kanesue, N.A. Kling, B. van Kuik, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, M. Mapes, A. Marusic, G.J. Marr, F. Meot,K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, T.A. Miller, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, G. Narayan, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, M. Okamura, S. Perez, A.I. Pikin, A. Poblaguev, S. Polizzo, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, W.B. Schmidke, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, R. Than, P. Thieberger, J. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman,A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, W. Zhang, P. Oddo, Z. Sorrell, and P. Dyer, "RHIC polarized proton operation for 2017", proceedings 2017 International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC'17, Copenhagen, Denmark (2017).
	Beam operation: 02/12/2017 - 05/30/2017 [107 days, 95 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Vahid Ranjbar
	Major accomplishments and events: all DX magnets moved back to symmetric position; only one experiment STAR (PHENIX being converted to sPHENIX); STAR experimental beam pipe changed (from 4 cm ID Be NEG coated to 8 cm ID Be without coating; adjacent Al pieces are NEG coated on both cases, fixed Au target foil installed 2 m West of STAR at bottom of beam pipe); PHENIX experimental beam pipe changed (from 4 cm ID Be to 12.2 cm ID SS, both NEG coated); 1 of 3 new 9 MHz cavities installed in each ring and made operational (60 kV/cavity design, operated at 26 kV/cavity); 12 days setup to physics; new ion optical system increases OPPIS beam by 20% (03/01/2017); e-lens cryo upgrade - both superconducting solenoids run stably at 6 T; use of dual harmonic acceleration in AGS to reduce space charge near injection; MPS upgrade with additional permit inputs: RF, orbit correctors, fast BPM readings (coherence from 10 Hz orbit feedback); also lowered BLM thresholds at store; only transversely polarized beams at IP6 (no rotators); 8 h nominal store length; many Yellow quenches after 4 of 5 new mechanical serial switches failed to close after beam dump (03/13/2017); as a result yi7-d6 shows small bypass current in a quench protection diodes - reduced ramp rate by factor of 2 to reduce the bypass current; β^* squeeze from 1.5 to 1.2 m nominally 3 h into the store (beginning 03/13/2017); many Yellow quenches again with reinstalled abort kicker relay serial switches after Yellow main quadrupole DCCT failure (current decay <30 ms); special Yellow Au ramp for CeC PoP (γ = 29.229); 90 h of dedicated CeC PoP time; beam from LEReC DC gun to gun line beam dump
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	111	197	1.5 → 1.2	2.7 → 3.6	154×10³⁰	127×10³⁰	50
	Average store polarization: (54.6±0.2)% in Blue, (55.7±0.2)% in Yellow (H-jet measurements, run average)^*
	injection: γ = 25.397, Gγ = 45.533		store: γ = 271.635, Gγ = 487.0
	Total delivered integrated luminosity:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-13]
	STAR	1.5 → 1.2	544	1.1×	luminosity capped at 140×10³⁰ cm^-2s^-1
	Time in store: 62% of calendar time


Run-16 CY2015/16 FY2016	Retreat at end of Run-16, 07/28/2016 - 07/29/2016, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2D: d at 19.6 GeV/nucleon on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 19.4 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-16 d-Au web site]
	Summary paper: C. Liu, J. Alessi, E. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, J. M. Brennan, K. A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Connolly, T. D’Ottavio, K. A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. J. Gardner, D. M. Gassner, X. Gu, Y. Hao, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, P. Ingrassia, J. Jamilkowski, J. S. Laster, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, G. J. Marr, A. Marusic, G. McIntyre, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, V. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. W. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, Y. Than, P. Thieberger, J. Tuozzolo, G.Wang , Q. Wu, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S. Zhang, "Beam energy scan with asymmetric collision at RHIC", proceedings 2017 International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC'17, Copenhagen, Denmark (2017).
	Beam operation: 06/08/2016 - 06/17/2016 [9 days, 7 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: Yellow lattice with raised γ_tr using γ_tr-jump quadrupoles in order to increase distance to beam γ - allowing for stochastic cooling; 2 days setup to physics; Blue beam not rebucketed because of resulting poor beam lifetime, Yellow beam rebucketed; stochastic cooling in Yellow in vertical plane only (horizontal and longitudinal planes cooled through coupling); up to 12 h store length (end determined when PHENIX BBCLL1 ±10 cm < 3.5 kHz); CeC PoP transported 8.1 MeV electron beam from the gun to the dump; tested detection of lost 3.85 GeV/nucleon Au ions with PIN diodes outside cryostat for use in LEReC recombination monitor; EBIS cathode heater failed again (2nd time in Run-16, 06/14/2016)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	111	110 d / 1.6 Au	2.0	3.5 → 3.0	3.6×10²⁸	2.35×10²⁸	9.4
	injection: γ = 10.488 (d), 10.487 (Au)		store: γ = 20.872 (d), 20.862 (Au)
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	2.0	9.5
	STAR	2.0	10.0
	Time in store: 72% of calendar time

	Mode 2C: d at 9.87 GeV/nucleon on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 9.79 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-16 d-Au web site]
	Summary paper: C. Liu, J. Alessi, E. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, J. M. Brennan, K. A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Connolly, T. D’Ottavio, K. A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. J. Gardner, D. M. Gassner, X. Gu, Y. Hao, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, P. Ingrassia, J. Jamilkowski, J. S. Laster, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, G. J. Marr, A. Marusic, G. McIntyre, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, V. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. W. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, Y. Than, P. Thieberger, J. Tuozzolo, G.Wang , Q. Wu, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S. Zhang, "Beam energy scan with asymmetric collision at RHIC", proceedings 2017 International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC'17, Copenhagen, Denmark (2017).
	Beam operation: 05/27/2016 - 06/08/2016 [12 days, 11 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: 20 h for setup to physics (STAR); neither 197 MHz storage RF system nor stochastic cooling used; inject without collision and collapse transverse separation; use of octupoles to suppress instabilities; 1.5 h store length
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	111	100 d / 1.5 Au	3.5	2.8 → 2.8	1.2×10²⁸	0.87×10²⁸	2.8
	injection: γ = 10.488 (d), 10.487 (Au)		store: γ = 10.488 (d), 10.487 (Au)
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.5	3.75
	STAR	3.5	3.44
	Time in store: 52% of calendar time

	Mode 2B: d at 31.3 GeV/nucleon on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 31.1 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-16 d-Au web site]
	Summary paper: C. Liu, J. Alessi, E. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, J. M. Brennan, K. A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Connolly, T. D’Ottavio, K. A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. J. Gardner, D. M. Gassner, X. Gu, Y. Hao, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, P. Ingrassia, J. Jamilkowski, J. S. Laster, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, G. J. Marr, A. Marusic, G. McIntyre, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, V. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. W. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, Y. Than, P. Thieberger, J. Tuozzolo, G.Wang , Q. Wu, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S. Zhang, "Beam energy scan with asymmetric collision at RHIC", proceedings 2017 International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC'17, Copenhagen, Denmark (2017).
	Beam operation: 05/20/2016 - 05/27/2016 [7 days, 6 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: 4 shifts for setup to physics; no 56 MHz SRF operation; d intensity limited to 1.5×10¹¹ due to Landau cavity RF amplifer (increased logitudinal emittance to increase acceptable intensity); used 197 MHz storage RF system; stochastic cooling in Yellow in longitudinal and vertical plane only (losses to high at closed horizontal kicker); up to 11.5 h store length; with vertical but no horizontal cooling, introduced additional coupling to obtain equal emittances in both transverse planes; PHENIX smoke alarm leads to release of inergen on 05/27/2016 - several days of restoration of PHENIX detector
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	111	145 d / 1.8 Au	2.0	2.8 → 3.0	11×10²⁸	9.35×10²⁸	22.8
	injection: γ = 10.488 (d), 10.487 (Au)		store: γ = 33.409 (d), 33.366 (Au)
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	2.0	22.8
	STAR	2.0	21.1
	Time in store: 72% of calendar time

	Mode 2A: d at 101.3 GeV/nucleon on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 99.4 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-16 d-Au web site]
	Summary paper: C. Liu, J. Alessi, E. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, J. M. Brennan, K. A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Connolly, T. D’Ottavio, K. A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. J. Gardner, D. M. Gassner, X. Gu, Y. Hao, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, P. Ingrassia, J. Jamilkowski, J. S. Laster, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, G. J. Marr, A. Marusic, G. McIntyre, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, V. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. W. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, Y. Than, P. Thieberger, J. Tuozzolo, G.Wang , Q. Wu, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S. Zhang, "Beam energy scan with asymmetric collision at RHIC", proceedings 2017 International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC'17, Copenhagen, Denmark (2017).
	Beam operation: 05/09/2016 - 05/20/2016 [11 days, 8 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: 3 days setup to physics; 56 MHz SRF operational at 1.0 MV (without HOM damper); STAR luminosity leveled; d intensity limited to 1.5×10¹¹ due to Landau cavity RF amplifer; stochastic cooling in Yellow in longitudinal and horizontal plane only; 6 h store length
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	111	130 d / 1.9 Au	0.7	2.4 → 2.2	85×10²⁸	50×10²⁸	125
	injection: γ = 10.488 (d), 10.487 (Au)		store: γ = 108.063 (d), 106.717 (Au)
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-8]
	PHENIX	0.7	155	0.65×
	STAR	0.7	134	0.67×	luminosity leveled at 40×10²⁸ cm^-2s^-1
	Time in store: 64% of calendar time

	Mode 1: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-16 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: X. Gu , J. Alessi, E. Beebe, M. Blaskiewicz, J. M. Brennan, K. A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Connolly, T. D’Ottavio, K. A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. J. Gardner, D. M. Gassner, Y. Hao, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, P. Ingrassia, J. Jamilkowski, J. S. Laster, V. Litvinenko, C. Liu, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, G. J. Marr, A. Marusic, G. McIntyre, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty,C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, I. Pinayev, V. Ranjbar, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P.W. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, Y. Than, P. Thieberger, J. Tuozzolo, G. Wang,Q. Wu, A. Zaltsman,K. Zeno, S. Zhang, and W. Zhang, "RHIC Au-Au operation at 100 GeV in Run16", proceedings 2016 North American Particle Accelerator Conference NA-PAC'16, Chicago, Illinois, USA (2016).
	Beam operation: 01/25/2016 - 05/09/2016 and 06/17/2016 - 06/27/2016 [105+10=115 days, 92+9=101 days for physics]
Run Coordinator: Xiaofeng Gu
Major accomplishments and events: 56 MHz SRF again without SRF damper (redesigned HOM damper quenched at 530 kV in test and was removed); instrumentation moved out of sector 1; magnets and instrumentation installed in LEReC cooling sections in sector 2; CeC PoP hardware installation completed (10 m long undulator beam pipe around IP is diamond shaped with 28 mm inside side length); all DX magnets back to symmetric position except in sector 8 (diplaced by +9 mm for PHENIX protection in d+Au operation from effects of Yellow pre-fire); pre-fire protection bumps and masks used; 19 days to physics (lab closed twice during setup time because of winter weather); pressure instabiliy near IP2 (CeC PoP installation) during startup, conditioned by raising the number of bunches gradually from 56 to 111; Booster 4→2→1 merge on intermediate energy level unchanged but increased cycles for AGS injection from 8 to 12; changed AGS bunch merging scheme from 8→4→2 to 12→6→2 (both at injection) for higher bunch intensity; STAR luminosity leveled; 8 h store length; alcove FEC resets before each injection due to increasing SEUs; on 18 March 2016 found shorted quench protection diode in bo10-d19 (location of maximum amplitude of pre-fire protection bump) - warm-up of Blue sectors 10 and 11 for diode exchange, arc losses at bump location are predominantly secondary ¹⁹⁶Au⁷⁹⁺ (EMD) and ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁸⁺ (BFPP) beams created in collisions, replacement of diode, cool-down and electrical tests completed, first physics store after repair on 6 April 2016 (19.5 days total); intensity limited by beam loading in Landau cavities (needs amplifier upgrade): 2 vacuum leaks developed at Yellow injection kicker after large beam loss 25 s into energy ramp (04/29/2016); EBIS electron gun replaced due to failing cathode heater (05/04/2016); 13 h to re-establish physics on 06/17/2016 (including D0 polarity switch); accelerated 1×10⁹ Ru-96 ions per buch in AGS (2 bunches total); tested BES-II operation without cooling at injection energy with β^* = 3.5 m
Achieved beam parameters:
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_init, L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
111	2.0	0.7	2.0 → 0.7	155, 155×10²⁶	87×10²⁶	3.0
injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 107.396
Total delivered integrated luminosities:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-14]
PHENIX	0.7	26.6+3.75 = 30.3	1.3×
STAR	0.7	19.5+2.4 = 21.9	1.1×	luminosity leveled at 60×10²⁶ cm^-2s^-1
Time in store: 65% of calendar time


Run-15 CY2014/15 FY2015	Retreat at end of Run-15, 07/27/2015 - 07/28/2015, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Mode 3: polarized p at 103.88 GeV on ²⁷Al¹³⁺ at 98.61 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-15 p-A web site]
	Summary paper: C. Liu, "Preparations for p-Au run in 2015", BNL-107377-2014-IR, C-A/AP/532 (2014); C. Liu, E. C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, M. Blaskiewicz, K. A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D. Ottavio, K. A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. J. Gardner, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, J. S. Laster, Y. Luo, Y. Makdisi, G. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Meot, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, G. Narayan, S. Nayak, S. Nemesure, P. Pile, A. Poblaguev, V. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, B. Schmidke, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, G. Wang, S. White, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S. Y. Zhang, "RHIC operations with asymmetric collisions in 2015", BNL-108367-2015-IR, C-A/AP/540 (2015).
	Beam operation: 06/08/2015 - 06/22/2015 [14 days total, 13 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: Al beam in Blue ring, Au beam in Yellow ring; 24 h for setup to physics ; 7 h store length; 2.5 h setup/operation of Al beam on fixed Au target in STAR on 06/18/2015; L+H+V stochastic cooling of Al beam only; 7 h store length; reached limit for charge per bunch at transition (onset of instabilities); discovered STAR main magnet transformer overheating on 06/18/15 - spare transformer not operational next day, further repair abandoned since too close to end of run; 3 days of additional Blue cryo operation after end of run for tests of 56 MHz SRF (demonstrated 1.5 MV CW with low cryo load) and CeC PoP 112 MHz SRF gun (reached 3 nC/bunch with 5 kHz repetition)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_init [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	111	240 p 11 Al	0.85 B 0.70 Y	2.4 → 3.7 p 2.2 → 1.7 Al	760×10²⁸	380×10²⁸	1.2
	Average store polarization: 53.8% in Blue (H-jet measurements, run average)^*
	injection: γ = 25.379 (p), 12.621 (Al)			store: γ = 110.718, Gγ = 198.5 (p), 105.968 (Al)
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	0.85 B / 0.70 Y	2.33
	STAR	0.85 B / 0.70 Y	1.54	(magnet off for last 3 days due to transformer)
	Time in store: 60% of calendar time

	Mode 2: polarized p at 103.88 GeV on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 97.74 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-15 p-A web site]
	Summary paper: C. Liu, "Preparations for p-Au run in 2015", BNL-107377-2014-IR, C-A/AP/532 (2014); C. Liu, E. C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, M. Blaskiewicz, K. A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D. Ottavio, K. A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. J. Gardner, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, J. S. Laster, Y. Luo, Y. Makdisi, G. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Meot, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, G. Narayan, S. Nayak, S. Nemesure, P. Pile, A. Poblaguev, V. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, B. Schmidke, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, G. Wang, S. White, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S. Y. Zhang, "RHIC operations with asymmetric collisions in 2015", BNL-108367-2015-IR, C-A/AP/540 (2015).
	Beam operation: 04/28/2015 - 06/08/2015 [41 days total, 36 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Chuyu Liu
	Major accomplishments and events: LION upgrade with new (rotating) Au and Al target; beam dump upgraded to allow for higher Au intensity (new Ti alloy vacuum window and new CC blocks allow for higher energy density); removed 56 MHz SRF HOM damper; p beam in Blue ring, Au beam in Yellow ring; moved DX magnets transversely (2.5 cm in IR6 and IR8, 2 cm in all other IRs; IR2 and IR4 moved before Run-15 start, all other IRs after completion of mode 1; movement always towards Au beam in Yellow ring); Au beam injected first and accelerated to energy above transition, then proton beam injected and both beams accelerated to store with the same revolution frequency; 6 days for setup to physics; longitudinal and horizontal stochastic cooling of Au beam; 7 h store length; re-installed Yellow orbit bump for pre-fire protection; longitudintal emittance blow-up on ramp due to 56 MHz SRF with fundamental mode damper inserted (not seen in Mode 1A with same intensity); Yellow pre-fire on 06/01/2015 damages PHENIX MPC (not usable for remainder of Run); 3.0 h setup/operation of Au beam on fixed Au target in STAR on 05/20/2016
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_init [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	111	225 p 1.6 Au	0.85 B 0.70 Y	2.7 → 3.2 p 3.0 → 1.3 Au	88×10²⁸	45×10²⁸	140
	Average store polarization: 59.6% in Blue (H-jet measurements, run average)^*
	injection: γ = 25.379 (p), 10.521 (Au)			store: γ = 110.718, Gγ = 198.5 (p), 104.972 (Au)
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	0.85 B / 0.70 Y	0.63
	STAR	0.85 B / 0.70 Y	0.64
	Time in store: 65% of calendar time

	Mode 1: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-15 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Schoefer, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D’Ottavio, K.A. Drees, Y. Dutheil, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, T. Hayes, H. Huang, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, Y. Makdisi, G. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Meot, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, G. Narayan, S. Nemesure, P. Pile, A. Poblaguev, V. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, W.B. Schmidke, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, S. White, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC polarized proton-proton operation at 100 GeV in Run 15", proceedigns of the International Particle Accelerator Conference 2015, Richmond, VA, USA (2015).
	Beam operation: 01/24/2015 - 04/27/2015 [93 days total, 76 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Vincent Schoefer
	Major accomplishments and events: 200 MeV polarimeter upgrade; Booster RF operation with simultaneous harmonics h=1 and h=2 (only h=1 in the past) to accomodate higher intensity, RHIC transverse bunch-by-bunch dipole damper installed in both planes of both rings; abort kicker upgrade to allow for higher p intensity (heated up in previous runs — installed water cooling, changed ferrites and increased eddy current strips); installed movable masks in Blue sector 11 and Yellow sector 8 to protect experiments from effects of abort kicker pre-fires (replace large orbit bumps in previous run); upgraded 20 corrector PS in each ring (sectors 5, 6, 7, 8) from 12 to 16 bit resolution in preparion for future low energy operation; electron lenses with increased cathodes (7.5 mm radius vs. 4.1 mm in Run-14), instrumentation upgrade, and Blue solenoid modified with He cooling of coil at inner diameter (to allow for higher solenoid field); new vacuum chamber in sectors 5 and 6 for Roman pots; Roman pots installed at both sides of STAR; internal Au target installed again in STAR experimental beam pipe (1 mm thick, 210 cm from IP, vertically at bottom, raised by 4 mm, now 16 mm aperture, not in shadow of Be pipe any mores); moved STAR beam pipe by 7 mm horizontally (was off and caused halo scraping in h+Au run); moved DX magnets in IR2 (2 cm) and IR4 transversely (1.75 cm); new lattices based on ATS optics - tunes (29.685,30.785); new bipolar q-trim power supplies (required for ATS lattice); lab closed for total of 4 days during startup due to weather; ferrite tuners for 28 MHz cavities operational; on 03/14/15 a single phase air breaker of the 69 kV feeder to BNL failed causing a massive power dip and outage, and evaporation of 2/3 of liquid He inventory - 3 days for recovery, superconducting solenoids for electron lenses need an additional day to reach 6 T again; 8 h store length; 56 MHz SRF cavity installed without HOM dampers - longitudinal emittance blowup when fundamental mode damper is removed; first demonstration of operational head-on beam-beam compensation
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_init [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	111	225	0.85	2.8 → 4.0	115×10³⁰	63×10³⁰	25
	Average store polarization: 53.0% in Blue, 57.4% in Yellow (H-jet measurements, run average)^*
	injection: γ = 25.397		store: γ = 106.813, Gγ = 191.5

	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-12]
	PHENIX	0.85	196.7	5.2×	vertical polarization
	STAR	0.85	185.1	5.1×	~2/3 longitudinal, ~1/3 vertical polarization
	Time in store: 64% of calendar time


Run-14 CY2013/14 FY2014	Retreat at end of Run-14, 08/13/2014 - 08/14/2014, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2: h at 103.48 GeV/nucleon on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-14 Au-Au web site] h (helion) is the nucleus of the ³He (helium-3) atom.
	Summary presentation (slides 17 and 18): G. Robert-Demolaize, "Status of Run14 – 100 GeV Au-Au", presentation at RHIC Retreat 2014.
	Beam operation: 06/16/2014 - 07/06/2014 [20 days total, 17 for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Guillaume Robert-Demolaize (Christoph Montag)
	Major accomplishments and events: h beam in Blue ring, Au beam in Yellow ring; reverted polarity of Blue D0 shunt power supplies; 1.6 mrad common angle (between beam and nominal beam trajectory) in IR6 and IR8, 2.5 mrad in Blue and 1.6 mrad in Yellow in other IRs; Blue h beam with 10 mm horizontal orbit excursions in IR6 and IR8 triplets, and none in other IRs, Yellow Au beam with 10 mm horizontal orbit excursions in IR6 and IR8, and 5 mm excursions in other IRs - path lenght in Blue 10 mm longer than in Yellow; 20 mm pre-fire protection orbit bumps in Blue between IP10 and IP12, and IP12 and IP2; 20 mm pre-fire protection bumps in Yellow between IP6 and IP8, and IP8 and IP10; 3.4 days setup to physics; tested Yellow vertical bunch-by-bunch dipole damper; 2 stores with STAR rates reduced to 2 kHz (4% of normal initial luminosity) with vertical offset; 3h injection test of fixed Au target in STAR; tested new main PS regulator; cold DX move by 2 cm and back in sector 5 at end of run
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_init [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	111	45 h 1.3 Au	1.0	2.0 → 3.0 h 2.0 → 1.5 Au	17×10²⁸	10×10²⁸	33
	injection: γ = 11.149		store: γ = 110.798 (h), 107.412 (Au)
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	1.0	72.3
	STAR	1.0	61.4
	Time in store: 63% of calendar time

	Mode 1B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-14 Au-Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
	Summary paper: G. Robert-Demolaize, J. Alessi, M. Bai, E. Beebe, J. Beebe-Wang, S. Belomestnykh, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Connolly, T. D’Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, J. Jamilkowski, N.A. Kling, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, Y. Makdisi, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Meot, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, A.I. Pikin, P. Pile, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, T. Roser, P.W. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, J. Tuozzolo, B. van Kuik, M. Wilinski, Q. Wu, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and W. Zhang, "RHIC performance for FY2014 heavy ion run", proceedigns of the International Particle Accelerator Conference 2014, Dresden, Germany, pp. 1090-1093 (2014).
	Beam operation: 03/11/2014 - 06/16/2014 [97 days total, 93 for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Guillaume Robert-Demolaize (Christoph Montag)
	Major accomplishments and events: new longitudinal stochastic cooling pick-ups (keyhole design) and kickers (scissor design); first Au+Au operation with full 3D cooling; Landau cavities with h=2580 turn on before transition crossing (previously after); installed bunch-by-bunch transverse damper in Yellow; Blue and Yellow electron lenses installed completely (not needed for head-on beam-beam compensation with Au+Au) - demonstrated effect on orbit and tune, no additional emittance growth; installed 20 mm orbit bumps in Blue (in arc between IR10 and IR12, and arc between IR12 and IR2) and Yellow (in arc between IR8 and IR10, and arc between IR10 and IR12) to protect experiments better in case of unsynchronized prefire - losses will be at obit bumps instead of experimental triplet, only one bump is needed for protection - the second bump cancels the dispersion wave generated by the first bump, bumps are collapsed before dump to avoid quenches due to unbunched beam dumped in cold magnets; 4 days setup to physics; 10 h store length; restored Siemens motor-generator operation on 04/03/2014; gating of longitudinal cooling avoid trapping of beam in unused buckets; beginning 05/01/2014 introduce vertical offset in STAR after 3 h in store to limit ZDC rates to 50 kHz maximum; beginning 05/27/2014 store length 11 h and STAR ZDC rates dropped to 50 kHz after 2.5 h in store; first use of Laser Ion Source (LION) for RHIC (first fillno 18381); operational dynamic beta squeeze during store from β^*= 0.7 to 0.5 m at STAR and PHENIX - 7 h into store; 56 MHz SRF operational with 300 kV limited by HOM damper quench limit; implemented ramp optics correction; tested fins of p-C polarimeters to reduce heating of C ribbion; CeC PoP installation during run
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_init, L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	111	1.6	0.7 → 0.5	2.5 → 0.65	80, 84×10²⁶	50×10²⁶	2.2
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-11]
	PHENIX	0.7	23.1	4.7×
	STAR	0.7	20.7	4.3×
	Time in store: 68% of calendar time

	Mode 1A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 7.3 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-14 Au-Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, G. Robert-Demolaize, G. Marr, V. Schoefer, T. Shrey, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J. M. Brennan, K. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D’Ottavio, K. A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. Gardner, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, J. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, Y. Makdisi, A. Marusic, F. Meot, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, J. Piacentino, P. Pile, V. Ranjbar, T. Roser, F. Severino, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, J. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and W. Zhang, "RHIC performance during the 7.5 GeV low energy run in FY 2014", proceedigns of the International Particle Accelerator Conference 2014, Dresden, Germany, pp. 1087-1089 (2014).
	Beam operation: 02/09/2014 - 03/11/2014 [31 days total, 24 for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Christoph Montag
	Major accomplishments and events: EBIS RFQ and Linac re-alignment; raised STAR magnet by 7 mm; prepared for DX movement; VOHD system operational (He realease first detected in insulating vacuum instead of tunnel) - requirement for POM and escape packs removed; internal Au target installed in STAR experimental beam pipe (1 mm thick, 210 cm from IP, vertically at bottom, 2 cm aperture, in shadow of Be pipe); beam extraction from AGS close to and below transition (γ_tr = 8.5); AGS main magnet slow feedback at flattop; 56 MHz SRF cavity installed and cooled (needed to allow for beam operation); 4K cool-down of both rings in 3 days; lattice suitable for low-energy cooling in the future - Blue IP2 (β_x, β_y) = (34 m, 14 m), Yellow IP2 (β_x, β_y) = (13 m, 49 m); tunes near integer (Q_x,Q_y) = (28.08,29.09) to allow for larger space charge tune range; 9 days setup to physics; after Siemens motor-generator cyclo-converter failure 1 day lost in switch to from Siemens to Westinghouse motor-generator set on 02/20/2014; store length of 1 h, reduced to 45 min on 03/04/2014; continous gap cleaning; 30 min without beam every day for PHENIX detector to establish noise level
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	1.1	3.5	1.7 → 1.7	1×10²⁶	0.2×10²⁶	8.1
	injection: γ = 7.840		store: γ = 7.840
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.5	23.0
	STAR	3.5	21.2
	Time in store: 57% of calendar time


Run-13 CY2012/13 FY2013	Retreat at end of Run-13, 07/25/2013 - 07/26/2013, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Mode 1: polarized p on polarized p at 254.9 GeV particle energy [Run-13 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V.H. Ranjbar, L. Ahrens, E.C. Aschenauer, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, Y. Dutheil, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, J. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, A.I. Kirleis, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Meot, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, P. Pile, A. Poblaguev, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, W.B. Schmidke, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, D. Smirnov, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, and O. Eyser, "RHIC polarized proton operation for 2013", proceedigns of the International Particle Accelerator Conference 2013, Shanghai, China (2013).
	Beam operation: 02/17/2013 - 06/10/2013 [113 days total, 93 for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Vahid Ranjbar (AGS Coordingator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: OPPIS upgrade with Atomic Beam Source (ABS) and new superconducting solenoid; AGS horizontal and vertical survey; mechanical upgrade of 9 MHz RF system; RHIC pC polarimeter upgrades with targets and rf screens; new STAR Be beam pipe (4 cm ID) - found to be 9 mm low; horizontal phase shifter ps between IR8 and IR10 in Blue and Yellow; new lattice for electron lenses to have phase advances that are multiples of 180 deg betwenn IP8 and IP10 - Blue integer tunes (27.,29.), Yellow integer tunes (29.,30.) instead of previous integer tunes (28.,29.); 2 out of 4 Westinghouse Motor-Generator bearings replaced, AGS setup with Westinghouse, reached 1.3×10¹¹ with P = 70% at AGS flattop (2% absolute less than with Siemens); motor-rotor of the Siemens Motor-Generator repaired after overheated connection was found, back in service when the 4K wave started; Blue electron lens installed with EBIS spare solenoid; Yellow electron lens installed with solenoind from SMD but without Y-pipes and no electron beam; lab closed for 4 days after blizzard Nemo on 02/08/13 - 78.5 cm of snow; 21 days from first beam to physics; first operational use of longitudinal damper at injection - allowed to reduce Landau cavity voltage; reverted to Run-12 lattices on 04/04/13 since polarization with e-lens lattices is lower than in Run-12 (16.5 h to physics); first operational use of longitudinal damper on the energy ramp; luminosity limited by emittance growth due to electron clouds in rotators after rebucketing - moved rebucketing to end of rotator ramp; tested orbit interlock for future high-intensity operation (beam abort with 1cm orbit deviation); implemented D' correction at snakes in Blue ring (from 100 GeV, ramping down during rotator ramp) to reduce momentum dependence of spin tune - taken out again since Blue polarization is lower with the D' correction; accelerated 10¹⁰ He-3 ion/bunch in AGS - 3.3x more than previous year (2 bunch merges in AGS still to be implemented); Booster E6 quadrupole with shorted fittings prevents operation on 06/08/13; bunched proton beam in RHIC with rigidity of 2.5 GeV/nucleon Au beam with acceptable lifetime for collider operation (Yellow only, no collisions); test VODH system so that RHIC tunnel can be posted ODH-0 again (had been posted ODH-1 after re-evaluation following the LHC 2008 incident and required personal oxigen monitors and escape packs for entry)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	111	185	0.65	3.1 → 3.9	245×10³⁰	160×10³⁰	60
	Average store polarization : (50.5±0.2)% in Blue, (55.4±0.2)% in Yellow (H-jet measurements, run average)^* 14 best stores (17416-17433): (57.0±0.9)% in Blue, (57.7±0.7)% in Yellow
	injection: γ = 25.397		store: γ = 271.635, Gγ = 487.0
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-12]
	PHENIX	0.65	543	4.1×
	STAR	0.65	500	3.5×
	Time in store: 56% of calendar time


Run-12 CY2011/12 FY2012	Retreat at end of Run-12, 07/25/2012 - 07/27/2012, Bellport [Retreat web site]
	Mode 4: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 2.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-12 Au-Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Meot, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, J. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, W. Zhang, "First RHIC collider test operation at 2.5 GeV beam energy", proceedigns of the International Particle Accelerator Conference 2013, Shanghai, China (2013).
	Beam operation: 06/25/2012 - 06/27/2012 [2 days total, no physics]
	Run Coordinator: Christoph Montag
	Major accomplishments and events: similar to Run-10 1F but with different sextupole settings - Run-10 used the online model which gave incorrect values at the low energy and lead to large chromaticities; low injection efficiency; captured beam lifetimes of 3 min in Blue and 5 min in Yellow; colliding beams; 2 min store time with both beams filled; STAR observed event
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	27, 43	0.03B / 0.02Y	8.0	(not measured)	—	—	—
	injection: γ = 2.68		store: γ = 2.68

	Mode 3: ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ at 99.9 GeV/nucleon on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-12 Cu-Au web site]
	Summary papers: Y. Luo, J. Alessi, M. Bai, E. Beebe, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, Y. Hao, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, J. Jamilkowski, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, D. Maffei, Y. Makdisi, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Meot, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, A.I. Pikin, P. Pile, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P.W. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, J. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, and W. Zhang, "RHIC performance for FY2012 heavy ion run", proceedings of the International Particle Accelerator Conference 2013, Shanghai, China (2013); Y. Luo, W. Fischer, M. Blaskiewicz, M. Brennan, N. Kling, K. Mernick, T. Roser, "Burn-off dominated uranium and asymmetric copper-gold operation in RHIC", proceedings of the North-American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013, Pasadena, California, USA (2013).
	Beam operation: 05/15/2012 - 06/25/2012 [41 days total, 38 for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Yun Luo
	Major accomplishments and events: first Cu-Au operation in a collider; re-optimization of IR2, IR4, IR10 and IR12; 3.5 days from species switch to physics; 3D stochastic cooling for both beams resulting in 14h store length; change from argon to neon in hollow cathode ion source results in 20% highter Cu intensity (Ar and Cu ions have close rigidity); change of Blue ramp tunes from (0.230,0.215) to (0.231,0.223) improves transmission; instabilities at transition in routine operation - with stochastic cooling acceptable as long as there is no intensity loss; 4 stores with third collision in IP2 to test calorimeter in AnDY installation for furture STAR use; heat wave 20 to 22 June 2012 leads to downtime with failing AC units; power distribution leads to power dip and power failure to AGS systems - 29 h recovery time; test of Blue phase shifter power supply; 05/18/2012 PHENIX MPC damaged after Yellow pre-fire (lost 3/4 of amplifiers with over-current)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_init, L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	111	4.0Cu / 1.3Au	0.7	4.1 → 1.2	120, 120×10²⁶	100×10²⁶	3.5
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	0.7	13.5
	STAR	0.7	13.5
	Time in store: 65% of calendar time

	Mode 2: ²³⁸U⁹²⁺on ²³⁸U⁹²⁺ at 96.4 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-12 U-U web site]
	Summary paper: Y. Luo, J. Alessi, M. Bai, E. Beebe, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, X. Gu, Y. Hao, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, J. Jamilkowski, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, D. Maffei, Y. Makdisi, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Meot, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, A.I. Pikin, P. Pile, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P.W. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, J. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, and W. Zhang, "RHIC performance for FY2012 heavy ion run", proceedigns of the International Particle Accelerator Conference 2013, Shanghai, China (2013); Y. Luo, W. Fischer, M. Blaskiewicz, M. Brennan, N. Kling, K. Mernick, T. Roser, "Burn-off dominated uranium and asymmetric copper-gold operation in RHIC", proceedings of the North-American Particle Accelerator Conference 2013, Pasadena, California, USA (2013).
	Beam operation: 04/19/2012 - 05/15/2012 [26 days total, 22 for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Yun Luo
	Major accomplishments and events: first use of EBIS for RHIC operation; first U-U operation in a collider; used standard lattice to increase off-momentum dynamic aperture; 5 days from species switch to physics; intensity after BtA stripping foil (U³⁹⁺ → U⁹⁰⁺) is only 37% of incoming intesity (had expected >50% based on GLOBAL simulation); Booster 4→2→1 merge on intermediate energy level; AGS 8→4→2 merge at injection; first use of Blue and Yellow horizontal stochastic cooling (resulting in 3D cooling in both rings); first RHIC store in which the maximum luminosity exceeds the initial luminosity (due to cooling); first use of BPM offsets determined by beam-based measurement; re-optimization of IR6 and IR8 local coupling correction, leading to reduction of global coupling corrector strenghts; first operation where all beam losses are due to burn-off; due to small beam size need micro-vernier scan in addition to automatic orbit correction every 1/2 h; test of Yellow phase shifter power supply
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_init, L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	0.3	0.7	2.2 → 0.4	3.4, 8.8×10²⁶	5.6×10²⁶	200
	injection: γ = 10.14		store: γ = 103.482
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	0.7	368
	STAR	0.7	368
	Time in store: 72% of calendar time

	Mode 1B: polarized p on polarized p at 254.9 GeV particle energy [Run-12 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Schoefer, L. Ahrens, G. Atoian, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Meot, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, F. Severino, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC polarized proton operation in Run 12", proceedings of the International Particle Accelerator Conference 2012, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, pp. 184-186 (2012).
	Beam operation: 03/12/2012 - 04/19/2012 [38 days total, 34 for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Vincent Schoefer
	Major accomplishments and events: increased store energy to increase polarization lifetime; 3.5 days from energy switch to physics; snakes ramp between 100 GeV and 255 GeV; scan of snake spin rotation axis angle and spin rotation angle; test of longitudinal injection damper; test of Landau phase error compensation (phase error from Booster) compensation; test of short AGS cycle (2.7 s); test of Blue vertical phase shifter power supply (adjusts betatron phase between IR8 and IR10); H-jet polarization measurement at injection (Yellow beam only)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	109	170	0.65	3.5 → 4.2	165×10³⁰	105×10³⁰	32
	Average store polarization : (50.3±0.5)% in Blue, (53.5±0.5)% in Yellow (H-jet measurements, run average)^* 14 best stores (16619-16667): (52.0±0.8)% in Blue, (58.2±0.8)% in Yellow Polarization at injection: (63±4.4)% in Yellow (H-jet measurements)^*
	injection: γ = 25.397		store: γ = 271.635, Gγ = 487.0
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-11]
	PHENIX	0.65	133	1.5×
	STAR	0.65	144	2.1×
	AnDY	2.0	6.4	0.9×
	Time in store: 54% of calendar time

	Mode 1A: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-12 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Schoefer, L. Ahrens, G. Atoian, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Meot, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, F. Severino, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC polarized proton operation in Run 12", proceedings of the International Particle Accelerator Conference 2012, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, pp. 184-186 (2012).
	Beam operation: 01/21/2012 - 03/12/2012 [51 days total, 31 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Vincent Schoefer
	Major accomplishments and events: 2 new Landau cavities installed in RHIC (harmonic number adjusted so that consecutive bunches have 180 deg phase difference); Yellow primary collimator inspected (no sign of damage); AGS horizontal alignment; 9 MHz system upgraded; AGS horizontal tune jump timing improved (eliminated increasing timing error on ramp, better synchronization of falling edges); operation from new Main Control Room; down ramp does not stop at injection any more, ramp from park to injection with 2x ramp speed compared to previous runs (saves 2.9 min per ramp); Blue beam reaches 100 GeV in first ramp attempt; 16 days from both rings cold to physics (as planned); tested a few stores with both Blue tunes below 0.7 and both Yellow tunes above 0.7 (suppresses coherent beam-beam modes, luminosity and polarization lifetime smaller)
	Achieved beam parameters:
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
109	160	0.85	3.3 → 4.2	46×10³⁰	33×10³⁰	9.3
Average store polarization: 61.8% in Blue, 56.6% in Yellow (H-jet measurements, run average)^*
injection: γ = 25.397		store: γ = 106.813, Gγ = 191.5
Total delivered integrated luminosities:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-9]
PHENIX	0.85	37.9	0.62×	vertical polarization
STAR	0.85	36.1	0.67×	vertical polarization
Time in store: 59% of calendar time


Run-11 CY2010/11 FY2011	Retreat at end of Run-11, 07/20/2011 - 07/22/2011, Bellport [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2C: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 13.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-11 Au-Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
	Summary paper: Summary paper: G. Marr, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, W. Fu, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, P.F. Ingrassia, J.P. Jamilkowski, N. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemsures, S. Polizzo, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance for FY2011 Au+Au heavy ion run", proceedings International Particle Accelerator Conference 2011, San Sebastian, Spain, pp. 1894-1896 (2011).
	Beam operation: 06/20/2011 - 06/29/2011 [9 days total, 8 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Greg Marr
	Major accomplishments and events: 1 day setup to physics; 1 h store length; tested rigidity for U operation at 100 GeV/nucleon (3.5% higher than for Au) sucessfully (DX and D0 magnets were excluded from test) - dipole training quench in Blue sector 9 (D15-D20) with dipole current increased by another 25 A
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	1.45	3.0	3.0 → 3.3	2.0×10²⁶	1.2×10²⁶	30
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 14.498
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	32.7
	STAR	3.0	30.4
	Time in store: 64% of calendar time

	Mode 2B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-11 Au-Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
	Summary paper: Summary paper: G. Marr, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, W. Fu, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, P.F. Ingrassia, J.P. Jamilkowski, N. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemsures, S. Polizzo, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance for FY2011 Au+Au heavy ion run", proceedings International Particle Accelerator Conference 2011, San Sebastian, Spain, pp. 1894-1896 (2011).
	Beam operation: 05/02/2011 - 06/20/2011 [49 days total, 45 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Greg Marr
	Major accomplishments and events: changed frequency of Blue vertical stochastic cooling system to avoid cross-talk between Blue and Yellow vertical systems; Yellow longitudinal stochastic cooling kicker repaired (became stuck in Run-10); installed new horizontal stochastic cooling pick-up; 4 days setup to physics; 4 h store length; EBIS Au beam tested in Booster
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	111	1.30	0.75	2.5 → 1.7	50×10²⁶	30×10²⁶	1.0
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-10]
	PHENIX	0.75	4.97	1.0×
	STAR	0.75	4.82	0.9×
	Time in store: 59% of calendar time

	Mode 2A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 9.8 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-11 Au-Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
	Summary paper: G. Marr, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, W. Fu, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, P.F. Ingrassia, J.P. Jamilkowski, N. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemsures, S. Polizzo, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance for FY2011 Au+Au heavy ion run", proceedings International Particle Accelerator Conference 2011, San Sebastian, Spain, pp. 1894-1896 (2011).
	Beam operation: 04/19/2011 - 05/02/2011 [13 days total, 10 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Greg Marr
	Major accomplishments and events: 3 days setup to physics; 35 min store length
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	0.9	2.5	2.5 → 2.5	8×10²⁵	4×10²⁵	15
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 10.52
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:s
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-2]
	PHENIX	3.0	15.7	157x
	STAR	2.5	17.5	175×
	Time in store: 71% of calendar time

	Mode 1: polarized p on polarized p at 249.9 GeV particle energy [Run-11 p-p web site]
	Summary papers: H. Huang, L. Ahrens, I.G. Alekseev, E. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, M. Bai, A. Bazilevsky, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, A. Dion, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L. Hoff, R.L. Hulsart, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Meot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, V. Ptitsyn, V. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, B. Schmidtke, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, D. Smirnov, K. Smith, D. Steski, D. Svirida, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC polarized proton operation and highlights", proceedings International Particle Accelerator Conference 2011, San Sebastian, Spain, pp. 1888-1890 (2011). H. Huang, L. A. Ahrens, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, M. Bai, A. Bazilevsky, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, A. Dion, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, R.L. Hulsart, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, W.B. Schmidke, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, D. Smirnov, K.S. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, I.G. Alekseev, D. Svirida, "RHIC polarized proton operation", proceedings of the 2011 Particle Accelerator Conference, NY, New York, USA, pp. 41-45 (2011).
	Beam operation: 01/08/2011 - 04/19/2011 [109 days total, 68 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Haixin Huang
	Major accomplishments and events: EBIS under commissioning; AGS surveyed and adjusted horizontally; RHIC surveyed and adjusted vertically; new auto transformer in Blue to reduce flattop-to-ramp MMPS glitches; Yellow snake in sector 9 installed after repair (was removed for Run-10); inserts installed (19 pieces, each 12.7 cm long) in both beam dump beam pipes to better shield Q4 from secondary particles; moved 2 common storage cavities to sector 3 and installed 2 more common cavities there (now have 5 storage cavities per ring, none common); remaining 2 common cavities are now designated for 9 MHz rf system (common to both rings, for proton operation only, movable shield can be inserted for heavy ion operation); 1 bouncer cavity installed in each ring as a longitudinal damper; increased current limit on IR6 and IR8 tq magnets from 100 A to 140 A to allow for lower β^*; lowered γ_tr a injection by 0.5; after fire in AGS Access Control System on 11/09/2011 a new ACS had to be constructed for the run; all ramps with tune and coupling feedback; vertical tune on ramp near 2/3 to preserve polarization; RHIC CNI polarimeters upgraded with new electronics (mitigates rate dependence); radial loop on ramp with input from all horizontal BPMs; orbit feedback on every ramp operational (ver rms of 10 μm, radius and hor rms of 100 μm); fast emittance growth in Blue ring (was intermittently observed in 2007 and 2009) caused by dump kicker thyratron module B delayed physics; 30 days from both rings cold to physics (7 days longer than planned, had 6 snow days during start-up); first use of octupoles on proton ramps to reduce likelyhood of instabilities (-3 m^-3 from after snapback to flattop); AGS tune jump system used for physics stores (about 5% more polarization); first operational use of 10 Hz orbit feedback in store; noise source of transverse origin leads to longitudinal emittance growth at injection with 9 MHz system (effect is of varying strength and not understood); breaker trip on 03/07/11 lead to refrigerator shut-off and helium venting in 2:00 and 6:00 service buildings, operation re-established on 03/17/11 - 219h downtime; power cable failure shut-down most of AGS equipment - 78h downtime; reduced IP2 (AnDY) crossing angle from 2.0 to zero; first use of beta-beat correction in operation; repeated problems with remote log-in; raising vertical tunes by 0.002 after going into collisions raises luminosity lifetime substantially; first use of collimation on ramp with continuous set point changes; down ramp with polarized beam from 250 GeV to 100 GeV with 109x109 bunches using chromaticity feedback; 9 MHz rf system breaks before runs end holding down intensity and luminosity; first H-jet polarization measurement at injection (large error)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	109	165	0.6	4.0 → 4.0	145×10³⁰	90×10³⁰	25
	Average store polarization: 48% in Blue, 48% in Yellow (H-jet measurements, run average)^* Polarization at injection: (60±4)% in Blue and (70±4)% in Yellow with both beams, (54±4)% with Blue beam only (H-jet measurements)^*
	injection: γ = 25.397		store: γ = 266.336, Gγ = 477.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-9]
	PHENIX	0.61	89.9	1.6×	predominantly longitudinal polarization
	STAR	0.72	68.9	1.3×	predominantly vertical polarization
	AnDY	3.0	6.8	—	approved test for future experiment
	Time in store: 37% of calendar time (46% excluding 219h dowtime due to refrigerator shut-off, and 78h due to power cable failure)

Run-10 CY2009/10 FY2010	Retreat at end of Run-10, 06/30/2010 - 07/02/2010, Bellport [Retreat web site]
	Mode 1F: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 2.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-10 Au-Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, T. Satogata, L.A. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, W. Fu, D.M. Gassner, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, P.F. Ingrassia, A. Jain, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Experience with low-energy gold-gold operations in RHIC during FY2010", BNL-96440-2011-IR, C-A/AP/435 (2011).
	Beam operation: 06/07/2010 - 06/08/2010 [29 h total, no physics]
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: harmonic number h = 387; attempted to inject into machine in which the hysteresis cycle was stopped on down ramp (reduces 10-pole errors in dipoles from 6 to 1.5 units but increases 6-pole errors from -7 to 42 units), but transfer function change by about 1% which could not be corrected in the time available; large synchrotron tune of 0.02 (synchrotron frequency of 1.7 kHz with 400 kV gap voltage); unbunched peak intensities of 0.2×10⁹; bunched beam with peak intensitites of 0.03×10⁹, 60% of which decays with 4 s, the other 40% with 40 s; strong decoherence of 10-20 turns makes good tune measurements impossible; small mommentum and transverse apertures; difficult regulation of AGS and AtR power supplies; large (expected) losses at AtR stripping foil; uncertainty of RHIC magnet transfer functions and associated mismatch between machine/model; not possible to store collider grade beams
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	1	0.02	10	(not measured)	—	—	—
	injection: γ = 2.68		store: γ = 2.68

	Mode 1E: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 5.75 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-10 Au-Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, T. Satogata, L.A. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, W. Fu, D.M. Gassner, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, P.F. Ingrassia, A. Jain, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Experience with low-energy gold-gold operations in RHIC during FY2010", BNL-96440-2011-IR, C-A/AP/435 (2011).
	Beam operation: 05/27/2010 - 06/07/2010 [11 days total, 10 for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Greg Marr, Angelika Drees, Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: harmonic number h = 363, no collisions at PHENIX; 16 h for setup to physics; β^= 20 m in IP2 (IPMs) and IP10 (abort), β^= 6 m in IP6 (STAR), β^*= 10 m in all other IPs incl. IP8 (PHENIX); polarity of half of defocusing sexupoles reversed; octupoles on for lifetime improvement; bunch length growing; 20 min store length
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	1.1	6.0	2.5 → 2.5	3.3×10²⁵	1.5×10²⁵	5.0
	injection: γ = 6.175		store: γ = 6.175
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	10.0	—
	STAR	6.0	7.82
	Time in store: 66% of calendar time

	Mode 1D: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 3.85 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-10 Au-Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, T. Satogata, L.A. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, W. Fu, D.M. Gassner, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, P.F. Ingrassia, A. Jain, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Experience with low-energy gold-gold operations in RHIC during FY2010", BNL-96440-2011-IR, C-A/AP/435 (2011).
	Beam operation: 04/22/2010 - 05/27/2010 [34 days total, 32 for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata, Angelika Drees
	Major accomplishments and events: first physics operation below nominal injection rigidity; harmonic number h = 369; 49 h for setup; β^= 20 m in IP2 (IPMs) and IP10 (abort), initial β^= 10 m in IP6 (STAR) then reduced to β^= 6 m, β^= 10 m in all other IPs incl. IP8 (PHENIX); polarity of half of defocusing sexupoles reversed (in final configuration) to make defocusing sextupoles in effect bipolar; beam losses at Yellow injection kicker lead to vacuum leak (like Au beam losses in AGS in 2007); gap cleaner running to minimize losses in uncontrolled areas; octupoles on for lifetime improvement; losses in AtR limit injected intensity and thereby store length (not possible to go to shorter stores); bunch length shrinking; 10 min store length
	Achieved beam parameters (emittance and luminosity numbers revised after Run-19 Mode 1E):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	0.5	6.0	1.7 → 1.7	6.5×10²⁴	2.6×10²⁴	1.0
	injection: γ = 4.135		store: γ = 4.135
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	10.0	3.5
	STAR	10.0 / 6.0	5.0
	Time in store: 55% of calendar time

	Mode 1C: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 19.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-10 Au-Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
	Summary paper: K.A. Drees, L. A. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, W. Fischer, W. Fu, D.M. Gassner, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, P.F. Ingrassia, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, T. Satogata, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Medium Energy Heavy Ion Operations at RHIC", proceedings of the 2011 Particle Accelerator Conference, New York, NY, USA, pp. 2220-2222 (2011).
	Beam operation: 04/08/2010 - 04/22/2010 [14 days total, 13 for physics]
	Run Coordinators: Kevin Brown, Todd Satogata, Angelika Drees
	Major accomplishments and events: 19 h for setup to physics; first operational use of simultaneous orbit, tune, coupling, and chromaticity feedback for ramp development; operation below transition; 197 MHz storage rf system operated at lowest frequency to date, no stochastic cooling; 4 h store length
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	1.3	3.0	3.3 → 5.8	2.2×10²⁶	1.3×10²⁶	50
	injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 20.942
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	107
	STAR	3.0	99
	Time in store: 82% of calendar time

	Mode 1B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 31.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-10 Au-Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
	Summary paper: K.A. Drees, L. A. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, W. Fischer, W. Fu, D.M. Gassner, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, P.F. Ingrassia, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, T. Satogata, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Medium Energy Heavy Ion Operations at RHIC", proceedings of the 2011 Particle Accelerator Conference, New York, NY, USA, pp. 2220-2222 (2011).
	Beam operation: 03/18/2010 - 04/08/2010 [21 days total, 20 for physics]
	Run Coordinators: Kevin Brown, Todd Satogata, Angelika Drees
	Major accomplishments and events: 32 h for setup to physics; first operational use of simultaneous orbit, tune and coupling feedback for ramp developement; all storage cavities used except X3 and X5 (momentum spread too high); no stochastic cooling; 4 h store length
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	1.2	2.5	3.0 → 4.5	4.5×10²⁶	3.0×10²⁶	110
injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 33.507
Total delivered integrated luminosities:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-4]
PHENIX	2.5	281	12.9×
STAR	2.5	263	12.7×
Time in store: 68% of calendar time

Mode 1A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-10 Au-Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
Summary paper: K.A. Brown, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, R. De Maria, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, W. Fu, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, J.W. Glenn, Y. Hao, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Russo, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, C. Theisen, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC Performance for FY10 200 GeV Au+Au Heavy Ion Run", proceedings of the 2010 International Particle Accelerator Conference, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 507-509 (2010).
Beam operation: 12/07/2009 - 03/18/2010 [101 days total, 76 for physics]
Run Coordinators: Kevin Brown, Todd Satogata, Angelika Drees
Major accomplishments and events: Yellow 10 o'clock snake replaced by dummy to allow for repair (snake not used in Au operation); new PHENIX Be beam pipe installed (4 cm ID); start-up and ramp-up of 3 1/2 weeks (1 1/2 weeks longer than planned, needed 1 week to finish Yellow vacuum work after both rings were at 4 K); IBS suppression lattice in both rings; separation of γ_tr by 1.2 s; 2 mrad crossing angle (beam-to-beam) in IPs without collision; first operational use of new low level RF in RHIC; new auto transformer in Yellow to reduce flattop-to-ramp MMPS glitches; tune and coupling feedback on every development ramp; first successful ramp with simultaneous orbit, tune and coupling feedback; first operational use of collimation on the ramp; first use of Yellow dipole feedback (with radius signal from rf BPMs) at transition; large chromatic abberations - particularly in Yellow - prevent rebucketing with β^= 0.6 m (setpoint) and result in raising it to β^= 0.7 m; Yellow tunes close to and above 0.2 (Blue tunes close to and below 0.25); first operational use of Yellow longitudinal stochastic cooling upgraded with microwave link (01/14/2010), first operational use of Blue longitudinal stochastic cooling (02/02/2010), first use of Yellow (01/14/2010) and Blue (01/25/2010) vertical stochastic cooling; test of 1 Hz orbit feedback (ramp and store); test of 10 Hz orbit feedback (store); luminosity limited by beam loading at rebucketing leading to debunching not transition instabilities as in previous runs; reversed all vertical (01/07/10) and half of the horizontal (01/21/10) BPM offsets (were incorrect previously)
Achieved beam parameters:
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
111	1.1	0.75	2.8 → 3.3	40×10²⁶	20×10²⁶	650
injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 107.396
Total delivered integrated luminosities:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-7]
PHENIX	0.75	5.01	1.5×
STAR	0.75	5.24	1.7×
Time in store: 53% of calendar time


Run-9 CY2008/09 FY2009	Retreat at end of Run-9, 07/15/2009 - 07/17/2009, Montauk [Retreat web site]
	Mode 1C: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy for pp2pp [Run-9 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D’Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, H. Hahn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, A.U. Luccio, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, N. Malitsky, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, B. Oerter, F. Pilat, P. Pile, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Russo, T. Satogata, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, M. Sivertz, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as a 100 GeV polarized proton collider in Run-9", proceedings of the 2010 International Particle Accelerator Conference, Kyoto, Japan (2010).
	Beam operation: 06/29/2009 - 07/04/2009 (5 days total, 3.5 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Christoph Montag (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: first operation with β^* = 20 m; Yellow snake in sector 9 removed after run for repair of ground current
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	90/64 colliding 90/88 colliding	50	20 1.0	2.5 → 3.3	0.3×10³⁰6×10³⁰	0.2×10³⁰4×10³⁰	0.1 pp2pp 1.5 PHENIX
	Average store polarization: 62% in Blue, 63% in Yellow (online H-jet measurements)^*
	injection: γ = 25.379		store: γ = 106.813, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	1.0	593	vertical polarization
	pp2pp / STAR	20	25	vertical polarization
	Time in store: 67% of calendar time (only 4 stores between 10 h and 17 h length)

	Mode 1B: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-9 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D’Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, H. Hahn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, A.U. Luccio, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, N. Malitsky, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, B. Oerter, F. Pilat, P. Pile, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Russo, T. Satogata, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, M. Sivertz, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as a 100 GeV polarized proton collider in Run-9", proceedings of the 2010 International Particle Accelerator Conference, Kyoto, Japan (2010).
	Beam operation: 04/15/2009 - 06/29/2009 (74 days total, 69 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Christoph Montag (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: first tests of AGS horizontal quadrupole jump system to increase polarization; tests of new low level rf system; test of transverse stochastic cooling in Yellow vertical plane with low intensity proton bunch; tests of dedicated spin flipper in Blue ring; all RHIC service buildings with A/C; first operational use of 10- and 12-poles; scrubbing attempt at injection (6 Blue and 8 Yellow high-intensity fill attempts) with 0.01 K cryo temperature rise — may have raised the instability threshold at transition in following heavy ion Run-10
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	109	135	0.7	2.5 → 3.3	50×10³⁰	28×10³⁰	8.3
	Average store polarization: 56% in Blue, 57% in Yellow (online H-jet measurements)^*
	injection: γ = 25.379		store: γ = 106.813, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-6]
	PHENIX	0.7	60.7	1.4×	longitudinal polarization
	STAR	0.7	53.5	1.2×	longitudinal polarization
	Time in store: 54% of calendar time

	Mode 1A: polarized p on polarized p at 249.9 GeV particle energy [Run-9 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: M. Bai, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, G. Atonian, A. Bazilevsky, J. Beebe-Wang,M. Blaskiewicz, J. M. Brennan, K. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Connolly, T. D’Ottavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, R. Gill, J. Glenn, T. Hayes, Y. Hao, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, J. Laster, R. Lee, A. Luccio, Y. Luo, W. W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, G. McIntyre, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, B. Morozov, J. Morris, P. Oddo, B. Oerter, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Russo, T. Satogata, V. Schoefer, K. Smith, D. N. Svirida, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, S. Tepikian, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S. Y. Zhang, "First polarized proton collisions at a beam energy of 250 GeV in RHIC", proceedings of the 2009 Particle Accelerator Conference, Vacouver, BC, Canada (2009).
	Beam operation: 02/07/2009 - 04/15/09 (67 days total, 29 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: first collision of polarized proton beam to 250 GeV; LEBT/MEBT modified to reduce emittance growth through better matching into Linac; modification of Booster injection (smaller β at injection foil) to reduce emittance growth; new AGS main magnet power supply transformer; re-alignment of magnets near snakes for better angle control, setup in 5 weeks (2 weeks longer than planned), 2 mrad crossing angle (beam-to-beam) in IP2 and IP10 to reduce number of DX training quenches (6 DX training quenches); test of new 9 MHz rf system (single cavity for both rings) for acceleration (not yet usable because Yellow beam cannot respond to diples main ps switch-over from flattop to ramp supply and back); use of main quadrupole ramp ps at injection already; first use of 4-knob nonlinear chromaticity correction (unlike HARMON it also reduces resonance driving terms); upgraded CNI polarimeters in RHIC with number of targets doubled; triplet 10 Hz cold mass measurements and test of active cold mass damping; use of tune and coupling feedback on all development ramps.
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	109	110	0.7	3.0 → 3.8	85×10³⁰	55×10³⁰	18.4
	Average store polarization: 33% in Blue, 36% in Yellow (online H-jet measurement)^*
	injection: γ = 25.379		store: γ = 266.336, Gγ = 477.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	0.7	57.8	primarily with longtudinal polarization
	STAR	0.7	52.6	primarily with longtudinal polarization
	Time in store: 53% of calendar time


Run-8 CY2007/08 FY2008	Retreat at end of Run-8, 03/31/2008 - 04/02/2008, Montauk [Retreat web site] [Summary]
	Mode 3B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 2.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
	Summary presentation (at RHIC Retreat): T. Satogata, "Run-8: Low energy"
	Beam operation: 03/11/2008 - 03/12/2008 (15 h)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: stored some beam in Yellow ring with γ = 2.685; unbunched with peak intensity 0.05×10⁹ and lifetime of 2 min; single bunch beam with peak intensity 0.01×10⁹ and lifetime of 2 s; orbit correction very difficult

	Mode 3A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 4.6 GeV/nucleon particle energy [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
	Summary presentation (at RHIC Retreat): T. Satogata, "Run-8: Low energy"
	Beam operation: 03/10/2008 - 03/11/2008 (31 h)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments: STAR experiment collected a few thousand events for physics
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	56	0.4	10	6.7 → 10	3.5×10²³	1.2×10²³	—
	injection: γ = 4.931		store: γ = 4.931
	Time in store: (very short run)

	Mode 2: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-8 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, N. Abreu, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D. Barton, A. Bazilevski, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, A.U. Luccio, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, N. Malitsky, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, J. Morris, B. Oerter, H. Okada, F. Pilat, P. Pile, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, M. Sivertz, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC polarized proton performance in Run-8", proceedings of the 2008 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Genoa, Italy (2008).
	Beam operation: 01/29/2008 - 03/10/2008 (41 days total, 24 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Christoph Montag (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: nonlinear chromaticity correction; tested near integer working point in Blue (not used in operation due to large 10 Hz orbit oscillations in triplets); tested β^*= 65 cm (not used in operation); test of 10- and 12-pole correctors to reduce background
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	109	150	1.0	3.3 → 4.2	35×10³⁰	23×10³⁰	7.5
	Average store polarization: 50% in Blue, 40% in Yellow (final H-jet measurement)^*
	injection: γ = 25.379		store: γ = 106.813, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	1.0	19.2	predominantly vertical polarization
	STAR	1.0	19.2	vertical polarization
	Time in store: 60% of calendar time (no rotator ramps for most part of the run)

	Mode 1: d at 100.7 GeV/nucleon on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-8 d-Au web site] d (deuteron) is the nucleus of the ²H (deuterium) atom.
	Summary paper: C.J. Gardner, N.P. Abreu, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, P. Cameron, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, A. DellaPenna, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, J.W. Glenn, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, B. Oerter, F. Pilat, E. Pozdeyev, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Russo, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, Y. Than, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, K.L. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Setup and performance of RHIC for the 2008 run with deuteron-gold collisions", proceedings of the 2008 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Genoa, Italy (2008).
	Beam operation: 11/08/2007 - 01/28/2008 (80 days total, 63 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Christopher (Kip) Gardner
	Major accomplishments and events: increased length of NEG coated beam pipes by 56 m (to 532 m total); kept machine at liquid nitrogen temperature during the summer shutdown again; Blue ring cool-down from 100K to 4K in 10 days, Yellow in another 2 days; Yellow ring lattice for gold beam with higher tunes to reduce IBS (Blue ring has a bus problem that currently prevents higher tunes — not critical for deuterons); β^* reduced to 0.85 m compared to 2 m in Run-3; longitudinal stochastic cooling in Yellow ring; periodic orbit corrections in store introduced (every 1/2 hour); service building 1004B with A/C; Au beam losses outside internal J10 dump lead to 3 vacuum leaks at L5, J17, and then I17
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	95	100 d / 1.0 Au	0.85	2.5 → 3.3	27×10²⁸	13.5×10²⁸	40
	injection: γ = 11.150		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-3]
	PHENIX	0.85	238	9.8×
	STAR	0.89	199	10.1×
	Time in store: 58% of calendar time


Run-7 CY2006/07 FY2007	Retreat at end of Run-7, 07/16/2007 - 07/17/2007, Two Trees Inn, Connecticut [Retreat web site] [Summary]
	Mode 1B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 4.6 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-7 Au-Au web site] [part of Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I)]
	Summary paper: T. Satogata, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, W. Jappe, R.C. Lee, W.W. MacKay, G.J. Marr, R. Michnoff, B. Oerter, E. Pozdeyev, T. Roser, F. Severino, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, and N. Tsoupas, "RHIC challenges for low energy operations", proceedings of the 2007 Particle Accelerator Conference, Albuquerque, NM, USA (2007).
	Beam operation: 06/06/2007 - 06/07/2007 (24 h total)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: stored and collided Au beams at half the normal injection energy; measured luminosity; a few hundred events recorded by STAR
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	56	0.4	10.0	6.7 → 10	4×10²³	0.6×10²³	—
	injection: γ = 4.931		store: γ = 4.931
	Time in store: (test of low energy running)

	Mode 1A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-7 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: A. Drees, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, W. Fischer, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, J. Glenn, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, and S.Y. Zhang, "Summary of the RHIC performance during the FY07 heavy ion run", proceedings of the 2007 Particle Accelerator Conference, Albuquerque, NM, USA (2007).
	Beam operation: 02/19/2007 - 06/26/07 (125 days total, 90 days for physics, excluding 1 day for Mode 1B)
	Run Coordinator: Angelika Drees
	Major accomplishments and events: kept machine at liquid nitrogen temperature during the summer shutdown, no DX training required; increased the total length of NEG coated beam pipes in warm regions by 45 m to 475 m; horizontal realignment in locations of large orbit corrector strength; 8 sextupole families per ring for nonlinear chromaticity correction (preparation for p, no operational benefit for Au); AGS operation with Au³¹⁺ instead of Au³²⁺ in previous years (yields about 20% intensity gain); new BtA stripping foil (Al+glassy carbon instead of carbon) reduces bunch area at AGS injection from 0.40 eV.s/nucleon to 0.23 eV.s/nucleon; new AtR stripping foil (W instead of Al oxide) reduces intensity loss by about 4%; start-up/ramp-up in 2 weeks (1/2 less than planned); first use of beam scrubbing for operational purposes (2 hours at injection to alleviate dynamic pressure rise at transition); first operational use of orbit feedback at IP6 and IP8 (preparation for p, no operational benefit for Au); voltage dip from 300 kV to 150 kV at transition; first operational use of Yellow longitudinal stochastic cooling; NSRL and AGS operation concurrent with entire RHIC run
	Achieved beam parameters (PHENIX/STAR):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	103	1.1	0.83/0.77	2.8 → 5.8	30×10²⁶	12×10²⁶	380
	injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-4]
	PHENIX	0.85	3270	2.6×
	STAR	0.85	3100	2.6×
	MonoPole	5.0	610	—	experimental test apparatus at IP2
	IP10	5.0	270	—	test of LHC luminostiy monitor at IP10
	Time in store: 48% of calendar time


Run-6 CY2005/06 FY2006	Retreat at end of Run-6, 07/10/2006 - 07/12/2006, Shelter Island [Retreat web site] [Summary]
	Mode 1D: polarized p on polarized p at 250.0 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh, UK (2006).
	Beam operation: 06/20/06 - 06/26/06 (6 days total, no physics operation)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments: accelerated both beam to 250 GeV; 45% Blue beam polarization at store (no colliding beams)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	28	90	1.5	4.2	—	—	—
	Average store polarization: 45% in Blue, zero in Yellow
	injection: γ = 25.379		store: γ = 266.477

	Mode 1C: polarized p on polarized p at 31.2 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh, UK (2006).
	Beam operation: 06/05/06 - 06/20/06 (15 days total, 12 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Vadim Ptitsyn (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: first use of spin rotators at low energy
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	111	90	3.0	3.3 → 5.0	2×10³⁰	1×10³⁰	0.22
	Average store polarization: 50% in Blue, 49% in Yellow
	injection: γ = 25.379		store: γ = 33.253
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	0.380	vertical and longitudinal polarization (about 50% each)
	STAR	3.0	0.325	vertical polarization
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.340	vertical polarization
	Time in store: 50% of calendar time

	Mode 1B: p on p at 11.25 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh, UK (2006).
	Beam operation: 06/05/06 - 06/06/06 (25 h total)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: first injection; storage and collision of beams with rigidity of approximately half the normal injection rigidity
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	28	75	10	5.0	1.7×10²⁸	0.6×10²⁸	—
	Average store polarization: 41% in Blue, 32% in Yellow
	injection: γ = 11.990		store: γ = 11.990
	Time in store: (test for low energy ion collisions)

	Mode 1A: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh, UK (2006).
	Beam operation: 02/07/06 - 06/05/06 (119 days total, 92 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Vadim Ptitsyn (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: total of 430 m of NEG coated beam pipes installed in warm regions; pre-pumping in arcs lowered pressure to 10^-6 - 10^-7 Torr before cool-down; complete vertical re-alignment of both RHIC rings; STAR shielding installed; lowered injection energy to allow for better spin matching with the AGS cold snake; first operational use of the AGS cold snake; cool-down from 80 K to 4 K in 11 days (3 days less than planned); use of combined tune and coupling feedback for ramp development Major disruption: machine was off for one week following an arc flash incident in a switch of the STAR magnet electrical system Funding provided by Jim Simons and Renaissance Technology employees through the Stony Brook Foundation, Ring Road renamed Renaissance Road in2009
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	111	135	1.0	3.0 → 3.8	28×10³⁰	18×10³⁰	6.5
	Average store polarization: 52% in Blue, 57% in Yellow (final H-jet measurement)^*
	injection: γ = 25.379		store: γ = 106.813, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-5]
	PHENIX	1.0	43.6	3.6×	hor. and long. polarization recorded number of 45.9 pb^-1 reduced by 5% after Run-8 to account for single accidentals
	STAR	1.0	44.9	3.7×	hor. and long. polarization ecorded number of 47.3 pb^-1 reduced by 5% after Run-8 to account for single accidentals
	BRAHMS	10.0	0.1	—	vertical polarization, for Mode 1B preparation
	Time in store: 46% of calendar time (50% excluding 1 week of downtime due to an arc flash incident)


Run-5 CY2004/05 FY2005	Retreat at end of Run-5, 06/15/2005 - 06/17/2005, Shelter Island [Retreat web site] [Summary]
	Mode 2B: polarized p on polarized p at 204.9 GeV particle energy [Run-5 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: M. Bai, T. Roser, L. Ahrens, I. G. Alekseev, J. Alessi, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J. M. Brennan, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, E. Courant, A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. Gardner, R. Gill, J. Glenn, W. Haeberli, H. Huang, O. Jinnouchi, J. Kewisch, A. Luccio, Y. Luo, I. Nakagawa, H. Okada, F. Pilat, W. W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, T. Satgata, E. Stephenson, D. Svirida, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, T. Wise, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, and S. Y. Zhang, "Polarized proton collisions at 205 GeV at RHIC", Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 174801 (2006).
	Beam operation: 05/31/05 - 06/03/05 (4 days total, 2 stores for physics - primarily for PHOBOS)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai
	Major accomplishments and events: ramp setup for higher energy in 3 days; first acceleration and storage of polarized protons beyond 100 GeV
	Achieved beam parameters:

	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	56	60	2.0	4.2 → 8.3	3×10³⁰	1.5×10³⁰	0.5
	Average store polarization: 30%
	injection: γ = 25.936		store: γ = 218.368
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	2.0	0.05
	STAR	2.0	0.05
	PHOBOS	10.0	0.01
	Time in store: (only 2 consecutive stores)

	Mode 2A: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-5 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: M. Bai, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, J. Butler, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C.J. Gardner, J. Glenn, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, A.U. Luccio, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, G. McIntyre, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, P. Oddo, J. Osamu, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, I.G. Alekseev, and D. Svirida, "Polarized proton collisions at RHIC", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, TN, USA (2005).
	Beam operation: 03/25/05 - 06/24/05 (66 days for physics, excluding 05/31/05 - 06/03/05 for Mode 2B)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: polarized source upgraded with new superconducting solenoid; 60% polarization at AGS extraction; first acceleration of polarized protons in AGS with cold snake (10¹¹ protons per bunch, 50% polarization at AGS extraction) - not yet used for physics; 3 weeks of set-up and ramp-up; operation with up to 111 bunches per ring; increased store polarization by 5%; more calibration data with H-jet; 56% of calendar time in store
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	106	90	1.0	5.0 → 5.8	10×10³⁰	7×10³⁰	1.9
	Average store polarization: 49% in Blue, 45% in Yellow (final H-Jet measurement)^*
	injection: γ = 25.936		store: γ = 106.813, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]^*
	PHENIX	1.0	12.6 (0.65)
	STAR	1.0	12.7 (0.66)
	BRAHMS	3.0	4.2 (0.19)
	^*Amount in brackets denotes delivered luminosity with vertical polarization, the remainder was delivered with longitudinal polarization.
	Time in store: 56% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)

	Mode 1C: ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ on ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ at 11.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-5 Cu-Cu web site]
	Summary paper: F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D.S. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, P. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, A. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Operations and performance of RHIC as a Cu-Cu collider", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, TN, USA (2005).
	Beam operation: 03/22/05 - 03/24/05 (42 hours total, 39 hours for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Fulvia Pilat
	Major accomplishments and events: 82% of calendar time in store (at reduced bunch intensity, large emittance, and luminosity lifetime of about 0.5h)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	56	3.8	3.0	8.3 → 8.3	2.5×10²⁶	0.5×10²⁶	0.02
	injection: γ = 12.075		store: γ = 12.075
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	0.006
	STAR	3.0	0.006
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.002
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.004
	Time in store: 82% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)

	Mode 1B: ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ on ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ at 31.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-5 Cu-Cu web site]
	Summary paper: F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D.S. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, P. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, A. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Operations and performance of RHIC as a Cu-Cu collider", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, TN, USA (2005).
	Beam operation: 03/07/05 - 03/22/05 (15 days total, 12 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Fulvia Pilat
	Major accomplishments and events: 74% of calendar time in store (at reduced bunch intensity)
	Achieved beam parameters:

	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	42	3.1	3.0	2.5 → 5.0	0.10×10²⁸	0.08×10²⁸	0.28
	injection: γ = 12.075		store: γ = 33.540
Total delivered integrated luminosities:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
PHENIX	3.0	0.52
STAR	3.0	0.47
BRAHMS	5.0	0.30
PHOBOS	5.0	0.25
Time in store: 74% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)

Mode 1A: ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ on ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-5 Cu-Cu web site]
Summary paper: F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D.S. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, P. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, A. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Operations and performance of RHIC as a Cu-Cu collider", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, TN, USA (2005).
Beam operation: 11/23/04 - 03/07/05 (104 days total, 55 days for physics)
Run Coordinator: Fulvia Pilat
Major accomplishments and events: 252 m of NEG coated beam pipes installed in warm regions; sector 5 triplet roll adjusted to minimize local skew quadrupole strength in Blue and Yellow; start-up/ramp-up in 2.5 weeks (1.5 weeks less than planned, excluding 4 weeks repair of bus shorts in Yellow ring); injectors delivered enough bunch intensity to run at beam-beam limit with 4 experiments; β^* reduced to 0.9 m at STAR
Achieved beam parameters (PHENIX/STAR):
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
37/35	4.5	1.0/0.9	2.5 → 5.0	2×10²⁸	0.8×10²⁸	2.4
injection: γ = 12.075		store: γ = 107.502
Total delivered integrated luminosities:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
PHENIX	1.0	15.2
STAR	0.9	15.0
BRAHMS	2.5	6.2
PHOBOS	2.5	5.7
Time in store: 52% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)


Run-4 CY2003/04 FY2004	Retreat after Run-4, 07/07/2004 - 07/08/2004, Port Jefferson [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-4 p-p web site] (development run, not primarily for physics)
	Summary paper: M. Bai, R. Tomas, L. Ahrens, K. Brown, A. Drees, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, W. Fischer, U. Iriso, H. Huang, Y. Luo, F. Pilat, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, R. Roser, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, J. van Zeijts, "RHIC polarized proton new working point commissioning", submitted to the proceedings of 16th International Spin Physics Symposium, Trieste, Italy (2004).
	Beam operation: 04/02/2004 - 05/15/2004 (43 days total)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: new AGS warm snake increases AGS polarization by 20%; maximum polarization from AGS 50% (consistently 45%); maximum polarization in RHIC at store 45% (consistently 40%); polarized H-jet commissioned and operated for calibration of RHIC proton-Carbon polarimeters; peak luminosity in excess of 10³¹cm^-2s^-1 at 2 experiments and no polarization; repeated stores with 40% average polarization and 4·10³⁰cm^-2s^-1 average luminosity at 4 experiments; new working point (0.69,0.68) commissioned
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	56	70	1.0	3.3	6×10³⁰	4×10³⁰	0.9
	Average store polarization: 46% in Blue and Yellow
	injection: γ = 25.936		store: γ = 106.813, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	1.0	3.0
	STAR	1.0	3.2
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.3
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.6
	Time in store: (no continuous physics operation)

	Mode 1B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 31.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-4 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: W. Fischer, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. Delong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, W. Glenn, T. Hayes, P. He, H. Huang, H.C. Hseuh, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, Y. Luo, G. Marr, W.W. MacKay, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, S. Peggs, A. Pendzick, C. Pearson, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, A. Sidi-Yekhlef, L. Smart, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, N. Tsoupas, D. Trbojevic, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zhang, S.Y. Zhang, J. van Zeijts, and the RHIC Operations Team "Luminosity increases in gold-gold operation in RHIC", proceedings of the 2004 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Lucerne, Switzerland (2004).
	Beam operation: 03/24/2004 - 04/02/2004 (9 days total, 9 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Wolfram Fischer
	Major accomplishments and events: set-up in less than 2 days (largely during Mode 1A); 65% of calendar time in store
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	45	1.0	3.0	2.5 → 5.0	1.2×10²⁶	0.6×10²⁶	20
	injection: γ = 10.520		γ store: 33.508
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	21.8
	STAR	3.0	20.7
	BRAHMS	5.0	12.2
	PHOBOS	5.0	12.3
	Time in store: 65% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)

	Mode 1A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-4 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: W. Fischer, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. Delong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, W. Glenn, T. Hayes, P. He, H. Huang, H.C. Hseuh, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, Y. Luo, G. Marr, W.W. MacKay, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, S. Peggs, A. Pendzick, C. Pearson, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, A. Sidi-Yekhlef, L. Smart, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, N. Tsoupas, D. Trbojevic, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zhang, S.Y. Zhang, J. van Zeijts, and the RHIC Operations Team "Luminosity increases in gold-gold operation in RHIC", proceedings of the 2004 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Lucerne, Switzerland (2004).
	Beam operation: 11/26/2003 - 03/24/2004 (118 days total, 84 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Wolfram Fischer
	Major accomplishments and events: start-up/ramp-up in 4 weeks (1 less than planned); consistently high bunch intensity (>10⁹ Au ions) delivered by injectors, 53% of calendar time in store; reliable and almost complete rebucketing; first use of secondary collimators, luminosity steering and collimator setting time reduced to 10 min, orbit correction after each ramp; dedicated Landau cavities; 2-stage collimation; PHENIX shielding installed; 57 m of NEG coated beam pipes and 64m of solenoids installed
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	45	1.1	1.0	2.5 → 6.7	15×10²⁶	5×10²⁶	160
	injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-2]
	PHENIX	1.0	1260	14×	Recorded number of 1370 μb^-1reduced by 8% after Run-7 to account for single accidentals
	STAR	1.0	1170	20×	Recorded number of 1270 μb^-1reduced by 8% after Run-7 to account for single accidentals
	BRAHMS	3.0	560	13×
	PHOBOS	3.0	540	7×
	Time in store: 53% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)


Run-3 CY2002/03 FY2003	Retreat after Run-3, 06/10/2003 - 06/12/2003, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-3 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: H. Huang, L. Ahrens, J.G. Alessi, I. Alekseev, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, S. Bravar, M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, G. Bunce, A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. Gardner, W. Glenn, G. Igo, O. Jinnochi, A.U. Luccio, W. MacKay, C. Montag, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, H. Spinka, D. Svirida, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, D. Underwood, J. van Zeijts, J. Wood, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Polarized proton acceleration at the Brookhaven AGS and RHIC", proceedings of the 2003 Particle Accelerator Conference, Portland, OR, USA (2003).
	Beam operation: 03/26/2003 - 05/30/2003 (63 days total)
	Run Coordinator: Haixin Huang
	Major accomplishments and events: source polarization of 70-75%; AGS polarization of 40%; longitudinal spin rotators commissioned for PHENIX and STAR; Yellow ring polarization maintained with crippled snake
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	55	70	1.0	3.3	6×10³⁰	4×10³⁰	0.6
	Average store polarization: 39% in Blue, 30% in Yellow
	injection: γ = 25.936		store: γ = 106.813, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	1.0	2.0
	STAR	1.0	2.5
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.6
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.4
	pp2pp (IR2)	10.0	< 0.1	special run 05/19/2004 - 05/21/2004
	Time in store: 41% of calendar time (last 23 days of physics operation)

	Mode 1: d at 100.7 GeV/nucleon on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-3 d-Au web site] d (deuteron) is the nucleus of the ²H (deuterium) atom.
	Summary article: T. Satogata, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, J. Cardona, R. Connolly, A. Drees, W. Fischer, R.P. Fliller III, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, H. Hahn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, U. Iriso-Ariz, W.W. MacKay, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, and D. Trbojevic, "Commissioning of the RHIC deuteron-gold collisions", proceedings of the 2003 Particle Accelerator Conference, Portland, OR, USA (2003).
	Beam operation: 12/03/2002 - 03/24/2003 (111 days total, 71 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: first asymmetric collisions; injection with equal revolution frequency (found strong effects from modulated beam-beam interaction with injection with equal rigidity); first operation with 110 bunches (lead to unacceptable vacuum and subsequent background problems); Landau cavity in Blue ring for deuterons (one of the storage cavities); coherence monitor
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	55	110 d / 0.7 Au	2.0	2.2 → 4.2	7×10²⁸	3×10²⁸	4.6
	injection: γ = 11.663 (both beams)			store: γ = 107.396 (both beams)
	Note: Injection with same rigidity for both beams, and thus different revolution frequencies, lead to unacceptable beam lifetime due to modulated beam-beam interaction.
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	2.0	24.2
	STAR	2.0	19.7
	BRAHMS	2.0, 3.0	15.8
	PHOBOS	2.0, 4.0, 3.0	13.4
	Time in store: 32% of calendar time (last 27 days of physics operation)


Run-2 CY2001/02 FY2001/02	Retreat after Run-2, 03/05/2002 - 03/07/2002, Montauk [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-2 web site]
	Summary article: T. Roser, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, E.D. Courant, A. Drees, W. Fischer, R. Fliller III, W. Glenn, H. Huang, A.U. Luccio, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, C. Montag, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. van Zeijts, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, A. Deshpande, K. Kurita, K. Krueger, H. Spinka, D. Underwood, M. Syphers, I. Alekseev, D. Svirida, V. Ranjbar, J. Tojo, O. Jinnouchi, M. Okamura and N. Saito, "First polarized proton collisions at RHIC", Workshop on Increasing the AGS Polarization, University of Michigan (2002).
	Beam operation: 11/28/2001 - 01/25/2002 (58 days)
	Run Coordinator: Waldo MacKay
	Major accomplishments and events: all 4 Siberian snakes commissioned; first ever collisions of polarized proton beams
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	55	70	3.0	4.2	2×10³⁰	1×10³⁰	0.3
	Average store polarization: 12% in Blue, 17% in Yellow
	injection: γ = 25.936		store: γ = 106.813, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	0.35
	STAR	3.0	0.47
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.30
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.30
	pp2pp	10.0	< 0.001	special run 01/24/2002 - 01/25/2002 (4 shifts)
	Time in store: 30% of calendar time (last 24 days of physics operation)

	Mode 1B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 9.8 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-2 web site]
	Beam operation: 11/25/2001 - 11/26/2001 (3 shifts total, 2 shifts for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: set-up of collisions at injection in 6 hours, average refill times of less than 10 min
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	55	0.6	3.0	2.5	8×10²⁴	2×10²⁴	1
	injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 10.520
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	0.1
	STAR	3.0	0.1
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.1
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.1
	Time in store: (only hours of physics operation)

	Mode 1A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-2 web site]
	Summary article: D. Trbojevic, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, P. Cameron, J. Cardona, R. Connolly, A. Drees, W. Fischer, R. Fliller III, G. Ganetis, W. Glenn, H. Hahn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, J. Kewisch, W.W. MacKay, A. Marusic, C. Montag, S. Peggs, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, and J. van Zeijts, "Commissioning of RHIC at 100 GeV/nucleon", proceedings of the 2002 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Paris, France (2002).
	Beam operation: 05/24/2001 - 11/25/2001 (185 days total, 111 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Dejan Trbojevic
	Major accomplishments and events: repaired electrical short in Y05D5Q5 interconnect before run (required opening of cryostat and end volume); first Au-Au collisions at full energy; luminosity reached design value (2×10²⁶cm^-2s^-1 average per store); γ_t-jump commissioned; octupoles for transition crossing; β-squeeze along the energy ramp; β^* at PHENIX reduced to 1 m; operated with 1.8 mrad total crossing angle at BRHAMS (later reduced to 0.9 mrad); storage cavities commissioned; gap cleaning introduced; Landau cavities tested; electronic logbook introduced
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	55	0.6	1.0	2.5 → 6.7	4×10²⁶	1.5×10²⁶	24
	injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0, 2.0, 1.0	93
	STAR	3.0, 2.0	59
	BRAHMS	3.0, 2.0	44
	PHOBOS	3.0, 2.0	62
	Time in store: 26% of calendar time (last 21 days of physics operation)


Run-1 CY2000 FY2000	Retreat after Run-1, 11/16/2000 - 11/17/2000, University at Stony Brook [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2: polarized p at 24.3 GeV and 25.1 GeV particle energy [Run-1 web site]
	Summary article: W. MacKay, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, G. Bunce, E. Courant, A. Deshpande, A. Drees, W. Fischer, H. Huang, K. Kurita, A. Lehrach, A. Luccio, Y. Makdisi, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, N. Saito, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. van Zeijts, BNL; H. Spinka, D. Underwood ANL; D. Svirida, I. Alekseev, V. Kanavets ITEP, Moscow; B. Lozowski, V. Ranjbar, Indiana University; J. Tojo, K. Imai Kyoto University; D. Fields, University of New Mexico, "Commissioning and future plans for polarized protons in RHIC", proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago, IL, USA (2001).
	Beam operation: 09/07/2000 - 09/19/2000 (12 days total)
	Run Coordinator: Thomas Roser
	Major accomplishments and events: one Siberian snake commissioned in Blue ring; proton-Carbon CNI polarimeters commissioned; polarized beam stored and accelerated from Gγ = 46.5 to Gγ = 48; used working point (0.11,0.13)
	injection: γ = 25.936

	Mode 1B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 65.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-1 web site]
	Summary article: D. Trbojevic, L. Ahrens, M. Blaskiewicz, M. Brennan, M. Bai, P. Cameron, J. Cardona, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, A. Drees, R.P. Fliller, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, W. Glenn, H. Hahn, T. Hayes, A. Lehrach, W. MacKay, J. Kewisch, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, T. Shea, K. Smith. S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, and J. van Zeijts, "Commissioning of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider", proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago, IL, USA (2001).
	Beam operation: 06/13/2000 - 09/02/2000 (81 days total, 37 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Thomas Roser
	Major accomplishments and events: first collisions at higher energies; first use of collimators
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	56	0.5	3.0	2.5	3×10²⁵	1.7×10²⁵	4
	injection: γ = 10.250 (not a typo)			store: γ = 70.000
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	7
	STAR	3.0	7
	BRAHMS	8.0	3
	PHOBOS	8.0	3

	Mode 1A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 27.9 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-1 web site]
	Beam operation: 03/20/2000 - 06/13/2000 (86 days total, last 3 shifts for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Thomas Roser
	Major accomplishments and events: first acceleration of both beams; transition crossing with fast radial change; first collisions of gold beams
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	rms emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_{store avg} [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	6	0.1	3.0	2.5	1×10²⁴	0.5×10²⁴	0.003
	injection: γ = 10.250 (not a typo)			store: γ = 30.000
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	<0.001
	STAR	3.0	<0.001
	BRAHMS	3.0	<0.001
	PHOBOS	3.0	<0.001


Run-0 CY1999 FY1999	Retreat after Run-0, 09/16/2000 - 09/17/2000, University at Stony Brook [Retreat web site]
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 11.3 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-0 web site]
	Beam operation: 06/07/1999 - 08/16/1999 (70 days total)
	Run Coordinator: Steve Peggs
	Major accomplishments and events: beam stored in Blue ring for 45 min; beam stored in Yellow ring for thousands of turns; beam accelerated in Blue ring by 1 GeV/nucleon
	injection: γ = 12.09		store: γ = 12.09


Sextant Test CY1997/98 FY1997	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 11.3 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Sextant Test web site]
	Summary papers: J. Wei, W. Fischer, L. Ahrens, J. M. Brennan, K. Brown, R. Connolly, G. F. Dell, M. Harrison, J. Kewisch, W. W. MacKay, V. Mane, S. Peggs, F. Pilat, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, P. Thompson, C. G. Trahern, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, "RHIC sextant test - physics and performance", proceedings of the 1997 Particle Accelerator Conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada (1997). F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, K. Brown, R Connolly, G.F. Dell, W. Fischer, J. Kewisch, W. MacKay, V. Mane, S. Peggs, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, P. Thompson, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Wei, "RHIC sextant test - accelerator systems and performance", proceedings of the 1997 Particle Accelerator Conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada (1997).
	Beam operation: 12/09/1997 - 02/02/1998 (55 days total)
	Test Coordinator: Steve Peggs
	Major accomplishments and events: transported Yellow beam to end of sector 4 arc; tested instrumentation; measured beam and line properties
	injection: γ = 12.15


AtR Test CY1995 FY1995	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 11.7 GeV/nucleon particle energy [AtR Test web site]
	Summary paper: W.W. MacKay, L. Ahrens, M. Brennan, K. Brown. T. Clifford, R. Connolly, F. Dell, D.P. Deng, L. Hoff, J. Kewisch, G. Kaldonado, B. Martin, R. Olsen, S. Peggs, F. Pilat, T. Robinson, S. Sathe, T. Satogata, D. Shea, T.J. Shea, M. Tanaka, P. Thompson, S. Tepikian, C.G. Trahern, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Wei, R. Witkover, P. Zhou, "AGS to RHIC transfer line - design and commissioning", proceedings of the 1996 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Sitges, Spain (1996).
	Beam operation: 11/06/1995 - 12/19/1995 (43 days total)
	Test Coordinator: Waldo MacKay
	Major accomplishments and events: transported beam to W-dump; tested instrumentation; measured beam and line properties
	injection: γ = 12.6