RUN OVERVIEW OF THE
RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLIDER

[RHIC Collider Projections, latest version]
[RHIC summary table] [RHIC integrated LNN plot]  [RHIC time in store plot]  [Hadron colliders peak luminosity plot]
[AtR Test (FY1995)]  [Sextant Test (FY1997)]  [Run-0 (FY1999)]  
[Run-1 (FY2000)]  [Run-2 (FY2001/02)]  [Run-3 (FY2003)]  [Run-4 (FY2004)]  [Run-5 (FY2005)]  
[Run-6 (FY2006)]  [Run-7 (FY2007)]  [Run-8 (FY2008)] 
Fiscal years start on 1 October.
 Data assembled by Wolfram Fischer. Last update: 18-April-2008.


RHIC operating modes and total integrated luminosity delivered to 5 experiments
Run
 species
 total particle
energy
[GeV/nucleon]
 time in
physics
 total
delivered
luminosity
 average
store
polarization
Run-1
CY2000
FY2000
 Au79+-Au79+
 27.9
 3 shifts
 < 0.001μb-1 —
Au79+-Au79+ 65.2
 5.3 weeks
 20 μb-1 —
Run-2
CY2001/02
FY2001/02
 Au79+-Au79+ 100.0
 15.9 weeks
 258 μb-1 —
Au79+-Au79+ 9.8
 2 shifts
 0.4 μb-1 —
pol. p-p 100.0
 8.3 weeks total,
no continous physics operation
1.4 pb-1 14%
Run-3
CY2002/03
FY2003
 d-Au79+ 100.0
 10.2 weeks
 73 nb-1 —
pol. p-p 100.0
 9.0 weeks total,
no continous physics operation		 5.5 pb-1 34%
Run-4
CY2003/04
FY2004

 Au79+-Au79+ 100.0
 12.0 weeks
 3530 μb-1 —
Au79+-Au79+ 31.2
 9 days
 67 μb-1 —
pol. p-p 100.0
 6.1 weeks total,
no continous physics operation		 7.1 pb-1 46%
Run-5
CY2004/05
FY2005
 Cu29+-Cu29+ 100.0
 7.8 weeks
 42.1 nb-1 —
Cu29+-Cu29+ 31.2
 12 days
 1.5 nb-1 —
Cu29+-Cu29+ 11.2
 5 shifts
 0.02 nb-1 —
pol. p-p 100.0
 9.4 weeks
 29.5 pb-1 46%
pol. p-p 204.9
 2 stores
 0.1 pb-1 30%
Run-6
CY2006
FY2006
 pol. p-p 100.0 13.1 weeks
 88.6 pb-1 58%
pol. p-p 31.2 12 days
 1.05 pb-1 50%
Run-7
CY2006/07
FY2006
 Au79+-Au79+ 100.0
 12.8 weeks 7250 μb-1 —
Au79+-Au79+ 4.6
 3 shifts total,
no continous physics operation 		test only
 —
Run-8
CY2007/08
FY2008		 d-Au79+ 100.0 9.0 weeks 437 nb-1 —
pol. p-p 100.0 3.4 weeks
38.4 pb-1
 45%
Au79+-Au79+ 4.6 3 shifts
—

 

RHIC nucleon-pair luminosity delivered to PHENIX
Note 1: The nucleon-pair luminosity is defined as LNN = A1A2L, where L is the luminosity, and A1 and A2 are the number of nucleons of the ions in the two beam respectively.
Note 2: The area is not indicative of the delivered luminosity. This display form is merely chosen to show the length of the runs.
Note 3: The polarization number shown for the proton runs is the average store polarization achieved.


RHIC Time in Store
Note: The time in store is measured from the lumi-on to the the lumi-off events. The lumi-on event comes after rebucketing but before collision steering and before collimation. Calendar time, including scheduled maintenance and accelerator physics experiments, is used to calculate the fractional time in store. The experiments use the time in store to a varying degree.

Hadron Collider Luminosity Evolution
Note: For ion collisions the nucleon-pair luminosity is shown. The nucleon-pair luminosity is defined as LNN = A1A2L, where L is the luminosity, and A1 and A2 are the number of nucleons of the ions in the two beam respectively.
RHIC Runs
Run-8
CY2007/08
FY2008
 Retreat at end of Run-8, 03/31/2008 - 04/02/2008, Montauk [Retreat web site]
Mode 3B: Au79+ on Au79+ at 2.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy [on Run-8 p-p web site]
Summary paper:
Beam operation: 03/11/2008 - 03/12/2008 (15 h)
Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
Major accomplishments: stored some beam in Yellow ring with γ = 2.685, unbunched with peak intensity 0.05×109 and lifetime of 2 min, single bunch beam with peak intensity 0.01×109 and lifetime of 2 s, orbit correction very difficult







Mode 3A: Au79+ on Au79+ at 4.6 GeV/nucleon particle energy [on Run-8 p-p web site]
Summary paper:
Beam operation: 03/10/2008 - 03/11/2008 (31 h)
Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
Major accomplishments: STAR experiment collected a few thousand events for physics
Achieved beam parameters:
no of
bunches		 ions/bunch
[109]		 β*
[m]		 emittance
[μm]		 Lpeak
[cm-2s-1]		 Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1]		 Lweek
[μb-1]
56
 0.4
 10
 40-60
 3.5×1023 1.2×1023 —
γ injection: 4.931 γ store: 4.931


Time in store: (very short run)







Mode 2: polarized p on polarized p at 100.0 GeV particle energy [Run-8 p-p web site]
Summary paper:
Beam operation: 01/29/2008 - 03/10/2008 (41 days total, 24 days for physics)
Run Coordinator: Christoph Montag   (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
Major accomplishments: nonlinear chromaticity correction, tested near integer working point in Blue (not used in operation due to large 10 Hz orbit oscillations in triplets), tested β*= 65 cm (not used in operation)
Achieved beam parameters:
no of
bunches		 ions/bunch
[109]		 β*
[m]		 emittance
[μm]		 Lpeak
[cm-2s-1]		 Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1]		 Lweek
[pb-1]
111
 150
 1.0
 20-25
 35×1030 23×1030 7.5
Average store polarization: 50% in Blue, 40% in Yellow
γ injection: 25.379
 γ store: 106.813


Total delivered integrated luminosities:
Experiment β*
[m]		 Luminosity [pb-1]



PHENIX 1.0
 19.2
 predominantly ver. polarization
STAR 0.95
 19.2
 ver. polarization

Time in store: 60% (no rotator ramps for most part of the run)







Mode 1: d at 101.9 GeV/nucleon on Au79+ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-8 d-Au web site]
Summary paper:
Beam operation: 11/08/2007 - 01/28/2008 (80 days total, 63 days for physics)
Run Coordinator: Christopher (Kip) Gardner
Major accomplishments: increased length of NEG coated beam pipes by 56 m (to 532 m total), kept machine at liquid nitrogen temperature during the summer shutdown again, Blue ring cool-down from 100K to 4K in 10 days, Yellow in another 2 days, Yellow ring lattice for gold beam with higher tunes to reduce IBS (Blue ring has a bus problem that currently prevents higher tunes -- not critical for deuterons), β* reduced to 0.85 m compared to 2 m in Run-3, periodic orbit corrections in store introduced (every 1/2 hour)
Achieved beam parameters:
no of
bunches 		ions/bunch
[109] 		β*
[m] 		emittance
[μm] 		Lpeak
[cm-2s-1] 		Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1] 		Lweek
[nb-1]
95
 100d/1.0Au
 0.85
 17-30
 25×1028 12.5×1028 40
γ injection: 11.150
 γ store: 107.396


Total delivered integrated luminosities:
Experiment
 β*
[m]		 Luminosity [nb-1] Luminosity
[rel. to Run-3]


PHENIX
 0.85
 238
 9.8×


STAR
 0.89
 199
 10.1×


Time in store: 58%














Run-7
CY2006/07
FY2007 		Retreat at end of Run-7, 07/16/2007 - 07/17/2007, Two Trees Inn, Connecticut [Retreat web site]
Mode 1B: Au79+ on Au79+ at 4.6 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-7 Au-Au web site]
Summary paper: T. Satogata, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, W. Jappe, R.C. Lee, W.W. MacKay, G.J. Marr, R. Michnoff, B. Oerter, E. Pozdeyev, T. Roser, F. Severino, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, and N. Tsoupas, "RHIC challenges for low energy operations", proceedings of the 2007 Particle Accelerator Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico (2007).
Beam operation: 06/06/2007 - 06/07/2007 (24 h total)
Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
Major accomplishments: stored and collided Au beams at half the normal injection energy, measured luminosity, a few hundred events recorded by STAR
Achieved beam parameters:
no of
bunches		 ions/bunch
[109]		 β*
[m]		 emittance
[μm]		 Lpeak
[cm-2s-1]		 Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1]		 Lweek
[μb-1]
56
 0.4
 10.0
 40-60
 4×1023 0.6×1023 —
γ injection: 4.931 γ store: 4.931


Time in store: (test of low energy running)







Mode 1A: Au79+ on Au79+ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-7 Au-Au web site]
Summary paper: A. Drees, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, W. Fischer, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, J. Glenn, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, and S.Y. Zhang, "Summary of the RHIC performance during the FY07 heavy ion run", proceedings of the 2007 Particle Accelerator Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico (2007).
Beam operation: 02/19/2007 - 06/26/07 (125 days total, 90 days for physics, excluding 1 day for Mode 1B)
Run Coordinator: Angelika Drees
Major accomplishments: kept machine at liquid nitrogen temperature during the summer shutdown, no DX training required, increased the total length of NEG coated beam pipes in warm regions by 45 m to 475 m, horizontal realignment in locations of large orbit corrector strength, 8 sextupole families per ring for nonlinear chromaticity correction (preparation for p, no operational benefit for Au), AGS operation with Au31+ instead of Au32+ in previous years (yields about 20% intensity gain), new BtA stripping foil (Al+glassy carbon instead of carbon) reduces bunch area at AGS injection from 0.40 eV.s/nucleon to 0.23 eV.s/nucleon, new AtR stripping foil (W instead of Al oxide) reduces intensity loss by about 4%, start-up/ramp-up in 2 weeks (1/2 less than planned), first use of beam scrubbing for operational purposes (2 hours at injection to alleviate dynamic pressure rise at transition), first operational use of orbit feedback at IP6 and IP8 (preparation for p, no operational benefit for Au), voltage dip from 300 kV to 150 kV at transition, first operational use of stochastic cooling (in Yellow ring), NSRL and AGS operation concurrent with entire RHIC run
Achieved beam parameters (PHENIX/STAR):
no of
bunches		 ions/bunch
[109]		 β*
[m]		 emittance
[μm]		 Lpeak
[cm-2s-1]		 Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1]		 Lweek
[μb-1]
103
 1.1
 0.83/0.77
 17-35
 30×1026 12×1026 380
γ injection: 10.520 γ store: 107.396


Total delivered integrated luminosities:
Experiment β*
[m]		 Luminosity [μb-1] Luminosity
[rel. to Run-4]


PHENIX
 0.85
 3270
 2.6×


STAR
 0.85
 3100
 2.6×


MonoPole
 5.0
 610
 — experimental test apparatus at IP2
IP10
 5.0
 270
 — test of LHC luminostiy monitor at IP10
Time in store: 48%














Run-6
CY2005/06
FY2006
 Retreat at end of Run-6, 07/10/2006 - 07/12/2006, Shelter Island [Retreat web site]
Mode 1D: polarized p on polarized p at 250.0 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site]
Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh (2006).
Beam operation: 06/20/06 - 06/26/06 (6 days total, no physics operation)
Run Coordinator: Mei Bai   (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
Major accomplishments: accelerated both beam to 250 GeV, 45% Blue beam polarization at store (no colliding beams)
Achieved beam parameters:
no of
bunches		 ions/bunch
[109]		 β*
[m]		 emittance
[μm]		 Lpeak
[cm-2s-1]		 Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1]		 Lweek
[pb-1]
28
 90
 1.5
 25
 — — —
Average store polarization: 45% in Blue, zero in Yellow
γ injection: 25.379 γ store: 266.477









Mode 1C: polarized p on polarized p at 31.2 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site]
Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh (2006).
Beam operation: 06/05/06 - 06/20/06 (15 days total, 12 days for physics)
Run Coordinator: Vadim Ptitsyn   (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
Major accomplishments: first use of spin rotators at low energy
Achieved beam parameters:
no of
bunches		 ions/bunch
[109]		 β*
[m]		 emittance
[μm]		 Lpeak
[cm-2s-1]		 Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1]		 Lweek
[pb-1]
111
 90
 3.0
 20-30
 2×1030 1×1030 0.22
Average store polarization: 50% in Blue, 49% in Yellow
γ injection: 25.379
γ store: 33.253


Total delivered integrated luminosities:
Experiment β*
[m] 		Luminosity [pb-1]



PHENIX
 3.0
 0.380
 vertical and longitudinal polarization (about 50% each)
STAR
 3.0
 0.325
 vertical polarization
BRAHMS
 3.0
 0.340
 vertical polarization
Time in store: 50%







Mode 1B: p on p at 11.25 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site] 
Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh (2006).
Beam operation: 06/05/06 - 06/06/06 (25 h total)
Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
Major accomplishments: first injection, storage and collision of beams with rigidity of approximately half the normal injection rigidity
Achieved beam parameters:
no of
bunches		 ions/bunch
[109]		 β*
[m]		 emittance
[μm]		 Lpeak
[cm-2s-1]		 Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1]		 Lweek
[pb-1]
28
 75
 10
 30
 1.7×1028 0.6×1028 --
Average store polarization: 41% in Blue, 32% in Yellow
γ injection: 11.99
 γ store: 11.99


Time in store: (test for low energy ion collisions)







Mode 1A: polarized p on polarized p at 100.0 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site] 
Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh (2006).
Beam operation: 02/07/06 - 06/05/06  (119 days total, 92 days for physics)
Run Coordinator: Vadim Ptitsyn   (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
Major accomplishments: total of 430 m of NEG coated beam pipes installed in warm regions, pre-pumping in arcs lowered pressure to 10-6 - 10-7 Torr before cool-down, complete vertical re-alignment of both RHIC rings, STAR shielding installed, lowered injection energy to allow for better spin matching with the AGS cold snake, first operational use of the AGS cold snake, cool-down from 80 K to 4 K in 11 days (3 days less than planned), use of combined tune and coupling feedback for ramp development
Major disruption: machine was off for one week following an arc flash incident in a switch of the STAR magnet electrical system
Achieved beam parameters:
no of
bunches		 ions/bunch
[109]		 β*
[m]		 emittance
[μm]		 Lpeak
[cm-2s-1]		 Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1]		 Lweek
[pb-1]
111
 135
 1.0
 18-23
 28×1030 18×1030
 6.5
Average store polarization: 60% in Blue and Yellow
γ injection: 25.379 γ store: 106.597


Total delivered integrated luminosities:
Experiment β*
[m]		 Luminosity [pb-1] Luminosity
[rel. to Run-5]


PHENIX 1.0
 43.6
 3.6×
 hor. and long. polarization
recorded number of 45.9 pb-1 reduced by 5% after Run-8 to account for singel accidentals
STAR 1.0
 44.9
 3.7×
 hor. and long. polarization
ecorded number of 47.3 pb-1 reduced by 5% after Run-8 to account for singel accidentals
BRAHMS
 10.0
 0.1
ver. polarization, for Mode 1B preparation
Time in store: 46% (50% excluding 1 week of downtime due to an arc flash incident)














Run-5
CY2004/05
FY2005 		Retreat at end of Run-5, 06/15/2005 - 06/17/2005, Shelter Island [Retreat web site]
Mode 2B: polarized p on polarized p at 204.9 GeV particle energy [Run-5 p-p web site]
Summary paper: M. Bai, T. Roser, L. Ahrens, I. G. Alekseev, J. Alessi, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J. M. Brennan, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, E. Courant, A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. Gardner, R. Gill, J. Glenn, W. Haeberli, H. Huang, O. Jinnouchi, J. Kewisch, A. Luccio, Y. Luo, I. Nakagawa, H. Okada, F. Pilat, W. W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, T. Satgata, E. Stephenson, D. Svirida, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, T. Wise, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, and S. Y. Zhang, "Polarized proton collisions at 205 GeV at RHIC", Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 174801 (2006).
Beam operation: 05/31/05 - 06/03/05 (4 days total, 2 stores for physics - primarily for PHOBOS)
Run Coordinator: Mei Bai
Major accomplishments: ramp setup for higher energy in 3 days, first acceleration and storage of polarized protons beyond 100 GeV
Achieved beam parameters:
no of
bunches		 ions/bunch
[109]		 β*
[m]		 emittance
[μm]		 Lpeak
[cm-2s-1]		 Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1]		 Lweek
[pb-1]
56
 60
 2.0
 25-50
 3×1030 1.5×1030 0.5
Average store polarization: 30%
γ injection: 25.936 γ store: 218.368


Total delivered integrated luminosities:
Experiment β*
[m]		 Luminosity [pb-1]



PHENIX 2.0
 0.05



STAR 2.0
 0.05



PHOBOS 10.0
 0.01



Time in store: (only 2 consecutive stores)







Mode 2A: polarized p on polarized p at 100.0 GeV particle energy [Run-5 p-p web site]
Summary paper: M. Bai, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, J. Butler, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C.J. Gardner, J. Glenn, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, A.U. Luccio, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, G. McIntyre, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, P. Oddo, J. Osamu, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, I.G. Alekseev, and D. Svirida, "Polarized proton collisions at RHIC", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee (2005).
Beam operation: 03/25/05 - 06/24/05 (66 days for physics, excluding 05/31/05 - 06/03/05 for Mode 2B)
Run Coordinator: Mei Bai   (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
Major accomplishments: polarized source upgraded with new superconducting solenoid, 60% polarization at AGS extraction, first acceleration of polarized protons in AGS with cold snake (1011 protons per bunch, 50% polarization at AGS extraction) - not yet used for physics, 3 weeks of set-up and ramp-up, operation with up to 111 bunches per ring, increased store polarization by 5%, more calibration data with H-jet, 56% of calendar time in store
Achieved beam parameters:
no of
bunches		 ions/bunch
[109]		 β*
[m]		 emittance
[μm]		 Lpeak
[cm-2s-1]		 Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1]		 Lweek
[pb-1]
106
 90
 1.0
 30-35
 10×1030 7×1030 1.9
Average store polarization: 49% in Blue, 44% in Yellow
γ injection: 25.936
 γ store: 106.597


Total delivered integrated luminosities:
Experiment
 β*
[m]		 Luminosity [pb-1]*



PHENIX 1.0
 12.6 (0.65)



STAR
 1.0
 12.7 (0.66)



BRAHMS
 3.0
   4.2 (0.19)



*Amount in brackets denotes delivered luminosity with vertical polarization, the remainder was delivered with longitudinal polarization.
Time in store: 56% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)







Mode 1C: Cu29+ on Cu29+ at 11.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-5 Cu-Cu web site]
Summary paper: F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D.S. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, P. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, A. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Operations and performance of RHIC as a Cu-Cu collider", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee (2005).
Beam operation: 03/22/05 - 03/24/05 (42 hours total, 39 hours for physics)
Run Coordinator: Fulvia Pilat
Major accomplishments: 82% of calendar time in store (at reduced bunch intensity, large emittance, and luminosity lifetime of about 0.5h)
Achieved beam parameters:
no of
bunches		 ions/bunch
[109]		 β*
[m]		 emittance
[μm]		 Lpeak
[cm-2s-1]		 Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1]		 Lweek
[nb-1]
56
 3.8
 3.0
 50-50
2.5×1026
0.5×1026
 0.02
γ injection: 12.075 γ store: 12.075


Total delivered integrated luminosities:
Experiment β*
[m]		 Luminosity [nb-1]



PHENIX 3.0
 0.006



STAR 3.0
 0.006



BRAHMS 3.0
 0.002



PHOBOS 3.0
 0.004



Time in store: 82% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)







Mode 1B: Cu29+ on Cu29+ at 31.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-5 Cu-Cu web site]
Summary paper: F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D.S. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, P. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, A. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Operations and performance of RHIC as a Cu-Cu collider", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee (2005).
Beam operation: 03/07/05 - 03/22/05 (15 days total, 12 days for physics)
Run Coordinator: Fulvia Pilat
Major accomplishments: 74% of calendar time in store (at reduced bunch intensity)
Achieved beam parameters:
no of
bunches		 ions/bunch
[109]		 β*
[m]		 emittance
[μm]		 Lpeak
[cm-2s-1]		 Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1]		 Lweek
[nb-1]
42
 3.1
 3.0
 15-30
 0.10×1028 0.08×1028 0.28
γ injection: 12.075 γ store: 33.540


Total delivered integrated luminosities:
Experiment β*
[m]		 Luminosity [nb-1]



PHENIX 3.0
 0.52



STAR 3.0
 0.47



BRAHMS 5.0
 0.30



PHOBOS 5.0
 0.25



Time in store: 74% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)







Mode 1A: Cu29+ on Cu29+ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-5 Cu-Cu web site]
Summary paper: F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D.S. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, P. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, A. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Operations and performance of RHIC as a Cu-Cu collider", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee (2005).
Beam operation: 11/23/04 - 03/07/05 (104 days total, 55 days for physics)
Run Coordinator: Fulvia Pilat
Major accomplishments: 252 m of NEG coated beam pipes installed in warm regions, start-up/ramp-up in 2.5 weeks (1.5 weeks less than planned, excluding 4 weeks repair of bus shorts in Yellow ring), injectors delivered enough bunch intensity to run at beam-beam limit with 4 experiments, β* reduced to 0.9m at STAR
Achieved beam parameters (PHENIX/STAR):
no of
bunches		 ions/bunch
[109]		 β*
[m]		 emittance
[μm]		 Lpeak
[cm-2s-1]		 Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1]		 Lweek
[nb-1]
37/35
 4.5
 1.0/0.9
 15-30
 2×1028 0.8×1028 2.4
γ injection: 12.075
 γ store: 107.502


Total delivered integrated luminosities:
Experiment β*
[m]		 Luminosity [nb-1]



PHENIX 1.0
 15.2



STAR 0.9
 15.0



BRAHMS 2.5
 6.2



PHOBOS 2.5
 5.7



Time in store: 52% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)














Run-4
CY2003/04
FY2004
 Retreat after Run-4, 07/07/2004 - 07/08/2004, Port Jefferson [Retreat web site]
Mode 2: polarized p on polarized p at 100.0 GeV particle energy [Run-4 p-p web site]
(development run, not primarily for physics)
Summary paper: M. Bai, R. Tomas, L. Ahrens, K. Brown, A. Drees, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, W. Fischer, U. Iriso, H. Huang, Y. Luo, F. Pilat, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, R. Roser, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, J. van Zeijts, "RHIC polarized proton new working point commissioning", submitted to the proceedings of 16th International Spin Physics Symposium, Trieste, Italy (2004).
Beam operation: 04/02/2004 - 05/15/2004 (43 days total) 
Run Coordinator: Mei Bai  (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
Major accomplishments: new AGS warm snake increases AGS polarization by 20%, maximum polarization from AGS 50% (consistently 45%), maximum polarization in RHIC at store 45% (consistently 40%), polarized H-jet commissioned and operated for calibration of RHIC proton-Carbon polarimeters, peak luminosity in excess of 1031cm-2s-1 at 2 experiments and no polarization, repeated stores with 40% average polarization and 4·1030cm-2s-1 average luminosity at 4 experiments, new working point (0.69,0.68) commissioned
Achieved beam parameters:
no of
bunches		 ions/bunch
[109]
 β*
[m]		 emittance
[μm]
 Lpeak
[cm-2s-1]		 Lstore avg
[cm-2s-1]		 Lweek
[pb-1]
56
 70
 1.0
 20
 6×1030 4×1030 0.9
Average store polarization: 46% in Blue and Yellow
γ injection: 25.936 γ store: 106.597


Total delivered integrated luminosities:
Experiment β*
[m]